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More proof of "black" Moors
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by MindoverMatter718: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by TheAmericanPatriot: [qb] Mindover, You leave me no room to make an argument because you gave me no evidence to refute. First you trot out some ancient genetic markers that you cannot tie to a single historical event that has anything to do with Greece or southern Europe. [/qb][/QUOTE]The genetic fact that African cattle were in southern Europe from Neolithic times and still show prevalent genetic frequencies in these said areas is nothing? :rolleyes: Btw, this is just one piece of evidence, whereas there is a lot more where it comes from. [QUOTE] Testing the Hypothesis of an African Cattle Contribution in Southern European Breeds (H2). http://www.pnas.org/content/103/21/8113.full.pdf+html?sid=5a7e2127-600a-4e72-90e9-e4ae9c1f1ffd T1 sequences are relatively common (with frequencies ranging from 5% to 30%) in different breeds from Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece. The presence of T1 mainly along the Mediterranean shores of Europe (near Africa), but not in central and northern Europe, is suggestive of the occasional introduction of cattle by boat from North Africa into southern Europe and is difficult to reconcile with any gene flow process unrelated with the sea. However, even if 63 and 11 different T1 haplotypes are observed in Africa and Europe, respectively, only two of them are present in both regions. [b]In addition, (i) T1 haplotypes can be found well beyond the area of maximum Moorish expansion,[/b] (ii) recent introductions of exotic cattle are usually male mediated (not affecting mtDNA) (34), and (iii) one T1 haplotype has been recently observed in a sample of 16 Bronze Age cattle remains from Spain. So, the hypothesis of a recent and geographically restricted introduction of African cattle does not seem sufficient to explain the T1 distribution in Europe. On the contrary, DNA data are compatible with earlier gene flow into several Mediterranean regions.[b] There is evidence of early diffusion of cattle pastoralism by people crossing arms of sea (21–23), and, hence, the same process may have led to the dispersal in Europe of breeds carrying the T1 haplotype.[/b] Conclusions The modern and ancient mtDNA sequences we present here do not support the currently accepted hypothesis of a single Neolithic origin in the Near East. The processes of livestock domestication and diffusion were certainly more complex than previously suggested, and our data provide some evidence in favor of the hypothesis that the origin of European cattle is multiple. [b]Breeds domesticated in the Near East and introduced in Europe during the Neolithic diffusion probably intermixed, at least in some regions, with local wild animals and with African cattle introduced by maritime routes.[/b] [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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