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The African American community is a "tribe" of 40 million souls. We are combination of Africans from Senegal to Angola and miles inland plus some East Africansa as well.
Probably 18 million of the 40 million are male.
Only 65% of African American male Y chromosomes are of West African Origin.
These haplogroups have appeared in surveys of AA men of lest than 700 individuals each:
A,B, E M78, EM215, E M35, F*, G2, J2, K2, O2a, Q, R1a1, R1b M173, R1b1, R1b P25
Yes, the famed R1b* is in the African American community. .
The mtDNAs cover L, A, B, C, D, U6 to H to V and yes M1 appears in the AA community.
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There are many subclades of the Y chromosome Hg E1b1a and
E1b1a ( formerly E3a) appears in Egypts's Western Desert, Palestine, Oman, Somalia, Syria, Lebanon, Kuwait, Jordan etc.
Red, White, and Blue + Christian Member # 10893
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Red, White, and Blue + Christian Member # 10893
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AA Y chromosomes include E*, E1, E2 and E3* also.
Guinea Bissau
Red, White, and Blue + Christian Member # 10893
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The Hisham 2008 Y Chromosomes of the Sudanese plainly states that the Nilotic tribes are overwhelmingly A M31 and B M60. The Copts and Hausa both have the ancient A B Y chromosomes. These ancient lineages cover the area from Capetown to Cairo.
As I said in my Dinka Nubian Connection thread which was destroyed. Ausar/Osiris was a Nilotic man of jet black skin. This paper says the Nilotes were present at the beginning of the Ancient Egyptian state which is reflected in the mythology.
Haplogroup A exists within the AA community and is concentrated in the Balanta ethnic group of Guinea Bissau among others. The Balanta fled Sudan about 600 years ago to flee wars etc.
The Balanta (same spelling in Guinea-Bissau Creole and Portuguese, balante in French transliteration), meaning literally "those who resist", are an ethnic group found in Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, and Gambia. They are the largest ethnic group of Guinea-Bissau, representing more than one-quarter of the population. But despite their numbers, they have remained outside the colonial and postcolonial state because of their social organization. The Balanta can be divided into four subgroups, (three of which are Balanta Kentohe, Balanta Ganja, and Balanta Brassa) the largest of which are the Balanta Brassa.
Archaeologists believe that the people who became the Balanta migrated to present-day Guinea-Bissau in small groups between the tenth and fourteenth century C.E. During the nineteenth century they spread throughout the area that is presently Guinea-Bissau and southern Senegal in order to resist the expansion of the Kaabu kingdom. Oral tradition amongst the Balanta has it that they migrated westward from the area that is now Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia to escape drought and wars. Today, the Balanta are mostly found in the south and central regions of Guinea-Bissau.
Red, White, and Blue + Christian Member # 10893
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The Balanta ended up in America because they were Rice farmers and so many African Americans are getting the Balanta Y chromosome which began along the Nile River.
Haplogroups E1 and E2 are transsahelian and appear in Ethiopia and along the Nile River.
E M78 and E 215 are Cushitic and Nilo Saharan both appear in Senegal and in East Africa and African American men.
The E1b1a (E3a) has many subclades 11% of AA men are E1b1a* this is the subclade of the Sahelians and the Mandingoes. This is predominant on the West African Coast from Senegal to Liberia where the Gullah came from as determined by DNA tests.
5% of men in the Egyptian Desert were found to be E1b1a*. The Mande are from the Central Sahara.
History Descended from ancient Central Saharan people, akin to the Bafour or Imraguen of Mauritania, the Mandé are an identifiable group of peoples spread throughout the West Africa. They are known as having been among the first on the continent to produce woven textiles (by a process known as strip-weaving), and as the founders of the Ghana Empire and Mali Empire, as well as being responsible for the expansion of the Songhai Empire across West Africa. However, archaeological testimony also supports that they were among the first peoples on the continent, outside the Nile region and Ethiopia, to produce stone settlement civilizations. These were built on the rocky promontories of the Tichitt-Walata and Tagant cliffs of Southern Mauritania between ca. 2000 and 700 BC., likely by a sub-group of the(Mande speaking) Soninke, where hundreds of stone masonry settlements, with clear street layouts, have been found. Some settlements had massive surrounding walls, while others were less fortified. In a deteriorating environment, where arable land and pasturage were at a premium, the population grew and relatively large-scale political organizations and, ultimately, military hierarchical aristocracies emerged. With a mixed farming economy—millet production combined with the rearing of livestock —this copper-based agro-pastoral society traded in jewelry and semi-precious stones from distant parts of the Sahara and Sahel. They are also believed to be the first to domesticate African rice. In the words of one archaeologist, these abandoned sites represent “a great wealth of rather spectacular prehistoric ruins” and “perhaps the most remarkable group of Neolithic settlements in the world” (Mauny 1971: 70).
Between 200 BC and 100 AD, the entire Sudan experienced significant dry episodes, which were part of the general drying trend that had been seriously underway since before 2000 BC. As the desert began to expand, the population headed South.
kahanyah Member # 16637
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R1b accounts for 30% of ydna of African American and Afro Caribean males.
quote:Originally posted by Red, White, and Blue + Christian: Yes, the famed R1b* is in the African American community.
Shady Aftermath Member # 14754
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That explains my nutcase west indian neighbour. He's a realone dumb ass brute type.
Men Kheper Ra Member # 4547
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^bump
NeferKemet Member # 17109
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Updated map. It still needs a little more updating though. I posted this because of the haplogroup E1b1a7 distribution. I also have matches in Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, and with Kenya (Luo, and Luhya peoples).
This Haplogroup map was made by the old poster 'argeidude'. It is generally a decent piece of work, other than the fact that the entire continent is not represented and the labeling of the yellow cluster as DE(x E1a, E1b1a,V32,M293,E2) is a bit ambiguous and misleading. Also important to note is that E-M293 and E-V32 are most probably STR haplotype predicted and not SNP tested.
Some corrections that need to be made and further expounding that need to be done on the Ethiopian Pie chart.
1) Haplogroup J should be at an average frequency of ~ 18.3 % (instead of 20%)
2) Haplogroup B should be at an average frequency of ~ 2.8% (instead of 1%)
3) Haplogroup E2 should be at an average frequency of ~3.7% (instead of 2%)
4) Haplogroup E1b1a should be at an average frequency of ~0.65% (instead of 0%)
5) Haplogroup E* should be added at an average frequency of ~0.65%
6) The breakdown of the DE(x E1a, E1b1a,V32,M293,E2) portion of the Ethiopian pie should be detailed out as follows:
E1b1b1c / E-M123 ~ 5.2%
E1b1b1a / E-M78 (x V32) ~ 7% (Probably most, if not all E-V22)
E1b1b1d / E-M281 ~0.4%
E1b1b/E1b1b1* = E-M215/M35* (x E-M293, E-M123, E-M81,E-M78, E-M281) ~ 9% (Some could be E-V6 or P-72)
E1b1* = E-Pn2* (x E-M35, E-M2) ~ 12%
Thus, the least common denominating phylogenetic node should be labeled as E1b1(x E1a, E1b1a,V32,M293,E2) for Ethiopia and not DE(x....), since no Haplogroup D or DE* has ever been found in Ethiopia while all the remaining haplotypes in the yellow cluster belong downstream of E1b1 (E-PN2).
NeferKemet Member # 17109
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DNA matches in Oman as well. E1b1a7 (teal color).
dana marniche Member # 13149
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quote:Originally posted by Red, White, and Blue + Christian: The African American community is a "tribe" of 40 million souls. We are combination of Africans from Senegal to Angola and miles inland plus some East Africansa as well.
Probably 18 million of the 40 million are male.
Only 65% of African American male Y chromosomes are of West African Origin.
These haplogroups have appeared in surveys of AA men of lest than 700 individuals each:
A,B, E M78, EM215, E M35, F*, G2, J2, K2, O2a, Q, R1a1, R1b M173, R1b1, R1b P25
Yes, the famed R1b* is in the African American community. .
The mtDNAs cover L, A, B, C, D, U6 to H to V and yes M1 appears in the AA community.
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There are many subclades of the Y chromosome Hg E1b1a and
E1b1a ( formerly E3a) appears in Egypts's Western Desert, Palestine, Oman, Somalia, Syria, Lebanon, Kuwait, Jordan etc.
No Red, White - African Americans are only supposed to have Bantu and West African i.e. Mandingo blood. You should not have put this information on the forum because it will apparently be offensive to many Africans East and West and not the least teh Egyptians.
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: [QUOTE]Originally posted by Red, White, and Blue + Christian: [qb] The African American community is a "tribe" of 40 million souls. We are combination of Africans from Senegal to Angola and miles inland plus some East Africansa as well.
Probably 18 million of the 40 million are male.
Only 65% of African American male Y chromosomes are of West African Origin.
These haplogroups have appeared in surveys of AA men of lest than 700 individuals each:
A,B, E M78, EM215, E M35, F*, G2, J2, K2, O2a, Q, R1a1, R1b M173, R1b1, R1b P25
Yes, the famed R1b* is in the African American community. .
The mtDNAs cover L, A, B, C, D, U6 to H to V and yes M1 appears in the AA community.
It appears that several groups came from East and The Horn to West Africa. And bidirectional from West to East. I think the Sahel played a mayor part in this.
"Omotic looks like being a reasonably nuclear member of [AA]. For example Blažek claims that for some 80 per cent of the names for parts of the body found among the various Omotic languages cognates can be identified among the Chadic languages—which … is a family of languages situated on the other side of the African Continent"
(on should understand that Omotic families migrated from East to West of the sub Sahara.)
The following comparison between OM and PIE is limited to Fleming's alleged OM/AA cognates. The comparison is also limited in another way: With few exceptions, OM is compared to one language, PIE, and not to all the 449 IE languages (Gordon 2005); including all languages in the comparison would have made it even easier to find similarities.
BE, CH, CU, EG, and SE forms are left out, but are found in 4.2-3. The source for IE forms is Mallory & Adams (2006), unless other works are referred to.
I have included data from Greenberg's (2000-2002) Eurasiatic (IE, Uralic, Altaic, Gilyak, Korean-Japanese-Ainu, Chukotian, and Eskimo-Aleut) and Ruhlen's (1994)«global etymologies
». Fleming's methods are similar to those of Greenberg and Ruhlen, and the EA and GE data emphasize the arbitrariness of Fleming's results.
Most resemblances in grammatical morphology between OM and AA are also found between OM and IE:
6 Conclusion
My conclusion is that Omotic should be treated as an independent language family. No convincing alternative has ever been presented.
Hayward (1995: 11) writes that «[i]t is, of course, a relief not to have Omotic as an isolate; we do not need a whole family of 'Basques' on our hands!» An alternative point of view is possible. Africa is the cradle of mankind. Why are there no language isolates on a continent where humans have lived since language was invented?
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One should remember: the major dichotomy between North & East verses West Africa are E-M2 & E-M215 of the PN2 Clade with Western and Eastern orientations respectively.
Were we to take "pure" populations from said regions, however distant any non-African group is to "East Africa", West Africa would only be half as distant if that.
Mau Member # 18613
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quote: Ausar/Osiris was a Nilotic man of jet black skin.
Can you actually prove this?
Whatbox Member # 10819
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^Osirus i'll have to admit was certainly pretty black.
the lioness Member # 17353
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quote:Originally posted by Whatbox: ^Osirus i'll have to admit was certainly pretty black.
Whatbox Member # 10819
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I'm not talking about something from a wall painting, but a feeling i have, something i know from my heart.
alurubenson Member # 12885
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quote:The African American community is a "tribe"
Naw not even. A nation, but definitely not a tribe
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