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The Original Black Royalty of Europe
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Mike111: [QB] CAMERON, Sik Ewen, or Evan, of Lochiel, a chief of the clan Cameron, distinguished for his chivalrous character, was born in February 1629.[b] He was called by his followers Mac'onnuill Dhu, or the son of Black Donald, according to the custom of their race, after his father Donald, the chief who preceded him ; also Ewen Dhu, or Black Evan, from his own dark complexion.[/b] He was brought up at Inverary castle, under the guardianship of his kinsman the marquis of Argyle, under whose charge he was placed in his tenth year, being regarded as a hostage for the peaceable behaviour of his clan. Argyle endeavoured to instil into his mind the political principles of the covenanters, but it is said that he was converted to the side of the king by the exhortations of Sit Robert Spottiswood, formerly president of the Court of Session, who had been taken at the battle of Pliiliphaugh in September 1645, and was afterwards executed. At the age of eighteen ho quitted Inverary castle, with the declared intention of joining the marquis of Montrose, who, however, had previously disbanded his forces, and retired to the Continent. Although the royal cause seemed lost, Lochiel kept his clan in arms, and was able to protect his estate from the incursions of Cromwell's troops. In 1652 he was one of the first to join the insurrection under the earl of Glencairn when that nobleman raised the royal standard in the Highlauds, and for nearly two years greatly distinguished himself at the head of his clan, in a seriea of encounters with General Lilburne, Colonel Morgan, and others of Cromwell's officers. In a sharp skirmish which took place between Lord Glencairn and Colonel Lilbnrne at Braemar, Lochiel gallantly maintained a pass with the defence of which he had been intrusted, and thereby saved Glencairn's army. His services were rewarded by a letter of thanks from Charles the Second, dated at Chantilly, the 8d of November, 1653. In 1654 Lochiel continued to aid Glencairn in a fresh insurrection headed by him. Being himself opposed to Morgan, a brave and enterprising officer, Lochiel was often hard pressed, and sometimes nearly overpowered, but by his courage and presence of mind, he was always able to extricate himself from positions of the utmost difficulty and danger. Morgan was now commander-in-chief of the parliamentary forces in Scotland, and he resolved to establish a garrison at Inverlochy, now Fort William, with the view of reducing the royalist clans in the neighbourhood. Lochiel lay in wait on a hill to the north of the fort, with thirty-eight of his clan, and observing a body of men about to land at a place called Achdalew, to cut down his woods, and to carry off his cattle, he proceeded along in a line with the vessels, under cover of the woods, until he saw the English soldiers disembark, one hundred and forty of them having axes, hatchets, and other working implements, while the rest remained under arms, to protect their operations. Notwithstanding the disparity of their forces, Lochiel at once gave orders to advance. He ordered his brother Allan to be bound to a tree, to prevent his taking any part in the conflict, and so not deprive his clan of a chief, should he himself be cut off. But Allan prevailed on a little boy, who was left to attend him, to unloose his, cords, and soon plunged into the thickest of the fight. The Camerons rushed on the enemy, discharged against them a destructive shower of shot and arrows, and before they could recover from their surprise attacked them with their broadswords. The combat was long and obstinate. At last the English, retreating slowly, yet contesting every step of ground, and with their faces towards their assailants, were giving way when Lochiel sent two men and a piper round the flank, to sound the pibroch, raise the war-cry of the clan, and Are their muskets, as if a fresh party ol Camerons had arrived, hoping thereby to create a panic among the English soldiers. But this only rendered the latter more desperate, and instead of throwing down their arms they fought more resolutely than before, as they expected no quarter. They were, at length, completely borne down, and fled, pursued to the sea, when those who had been left in the boats received the fugitives, and firing at the Camerons drove them back, the chief himself advancing till he was chindeep in the water. In the course of the struggle an English officer of great size and strength singled out Lochiel, and as they were pretty equally matched, they fought for some time apart from the general battle. Lochiel succeeded in knocking the sword out of his adversary's hand, but the Englishman closing on him, bore him to the ground, and fell upon him, the officer being uppermost. The latter was in the act of reaching for his sword, which lay near, but when extending his neck in the same direction, Lochiel, collecting his energies, grasped his enemy by the collar, and springing at his throat, seized it with his teeth, and gave so sure and effectual a bite that the officer died almost instantly. Of the English the number killed in this encounter exceeded that of Lochiel's men engaged in it, in the proportion of three to one, whilst only seven of the Camerons fell. By this and similar attacks, now on the garri son at Inverlochy, now in conjunction with General Middleton, he harassed the forces of the Protector with general success. After the defeat of Middleton in July 1654, and his retreat to the continent, Lochiel was the only chief who remained opposed to Cromwell. The English, desirous to have peace with this formidable chief, made various overtures to him to that effect, but without success, until ho was informed that no express renunciation of the king's authority or oath to the existing government would be required of him, but only his word of honour to live in peace. An agreement on this basis took place about the end of that year. Reparation was made to Lochiel for the wood cut down by the garrison of Inverlochy, and to his tenants for all the losses they had sustained from the troops; while a full indemnity was granted for all acts of depredation and for all crimes committed by his men. All tithes, cess, and public burdens which had not been paid, were remitted to his clan. In 1680 the last wolf known to have existed wild in Great Britain was slain by the hand of this brave and hardy chief in the district of Lochaber. In 1681, when the dnke of York, afterwards James the Second, was residing at Holyrood, as commissioner to the parliament of Scotland, Lochiel took a journey to Edinburgh to solicit the pardon of one of his clan, who, while in command of a party of Camerons, had fired by mistake on a party of Athole men, and killed several. The duke received him with great distinction, and granted his request. On this occasion he was knighted by the duke. After knighting him, the duke presented his sword to Sir Ewen, to keep as a remembrance. In 1689 Sir Ewen joined the viscount of Dundee when he raised the standard of King James. General Mackay had, by the orders of King William, offered him a title and a considerable sum of money, apparently on the condition of his remaining neutral, but this offer he rejected with disdain. Though then far advanced in years, he distinguished himself with his usual licroism, and had a conspicuous share in the victory at Killiecrankie. Before the battle commenced he spoke to each of his men individually, and took their promise that they would conquer or die. On first seeing Dundee's force, General Mackay's army had raised a kind of shout, on which Lochiel exclaimed, " Gentlemen, the day is our own; I am the oldest commander in the army, and I have always observed something ominous or fatal in such a dull, heavy, feeble noise as that which the enemy has just made in their shout." Encouraged by this prognostication of victory, the Highlanders, with their usual impetuosity, rushed on the troops of Mackay, and in half an hour gained the victory. In this battle Lochiel was attended by the son of his foster brother, who followed him everywhere like his shadow. Shortly after the commencement of the action the chief missed this faithful adherent from his side, and turning round to look for him, he saw him lying on his back in a dying state, with his breast pierced by an arrow. With his last breath he informed Sir Ewen that observing an enemy, a Highlander, in General Mackay's army, aiming at him with a bow and arrow from the rear, he sprang behind him to cover him, and thus, like his father, received in his own body the death-wound intended for hit chief. After the battle of Killiecrankie, Sir Ewen Cameron retired to Lochaber, leaving the command of his men to his eldest son. He survived till the year 1719, when he died at the age of ninety. Notwithstanding all the battles and personal encounters in which be had been engaged, he never lost a drop of blood, or received a wound. He was thrice married, and had four son and eleven daughters.—Stewart's Sketches of the Highlanders and Highland Regiments.—Browne's History of the Highlands and Highland Clans. | CAMERON, Donald, of Lochiel, grandson of the preceding, is celebrated in history for the important part he took in the rebellion of 1745 Though called young Lochiel by the Highlanders, from his father being still alive, he was at that period rather advanced in life. His father, John Cameron of Lochiel, eldest son of Sir Ewen, had joined the earl of Mar, when that nobleman raised the standard of the Chevalier in 1715, for which he was attainted. He died in Flanders in 1748. Donald, his eldest son, succeeded, in consequence of the attainder of his father, to the estate, on the death of his grandfather, in 1719. He was styled captain of the clan Cameron, a title given to the leader or next in succession who commands a clan in absence, or during the minority, of the hereditary chief. Previous to the landing of Prince Charles in the Highlands, the Chevalier de St. George, sensible of the great influence which young Lochiel possessed among the clans, had opened a correspondence with him, and invested him with full powers to negotiate with his friends in Scotland, on the subject of his restoration. He was one of the seven chiefs and noblemen who, in 1740, signed a bond of association to restore the Chevalier. Upon the failure of the expedition of 1740 he had urged the prince to get another fitted out, but was against any attempt being made without foreign assistance. On the prince's landing, Lochiel was summoned with other chiefs to meet Charles at Borodale As the prince had brought neither troops nor arms with him, Lochiel went to the interview determined to dissuade him from making any rash attempt. On his way he called at the house of his brother, John Cameron of Fassifern, who, on being told the object of his journey, advised him not to proceed to Borodale, but to impart his mind to tie prince by letter. "No," said Lochiel, "I ought at least to wait upon him, and give my reasons for declining to join him, which admit of no reply." " Brother," said Fassifern, " I know you better than you know yourself. If this prince once sets eyes upon you he will make you do whatever he pleases." Finding all his arguments ineffectual to prevail on Lochiel to take up arms in his cause, Charles declared his firm determination to take the field, how small soever might be the number of his adherents. " Lochiel," said he, " who, my father has often told me, was our firmest friend, may stay at home, and from the newspapers learn the fate of his prince." This appeal was irresistible. " No!" exclaimed Lochiel, " I'll share the fate of my prince, and so shall every man over whom nature or fortune has given me any power." Had Lochiel remained steadfast in his determination not to join the Pretender without foreign aid, the other chiefs would have also refused, but his yielding led to their collecting with their followers round the prince's standard, and thus he may he said to have been the chief cause of the insurrection that followed. Although possessed of an estate which at that time yielded scarcely seven hundred pounds ayear, Lochiel brought fourteen hundred of his clan into the rebellion, and during his brief campaign he displayed much of the heroism and bravery of his grandfather, Sir Ewen Cameron. He acquired the respect of both parties, and obtained the name of the "gentle Lochiel." On all occasions he was honourably distinguished by his endeavours to mitigate the severities of war, and deter the insurgents from acts of vindictive violence, or insubordination. As an example to the rest he even ordered one of his own men, caught in the act of theft, to be shot. He led on his clan with great gallantry at the battle of Preston, as he subsequently did at the battle of Falkirk. He accompanied Prince Charles in his march into England and during the retreat from Derby, and was severely wounded in both ankles at the battle of Culloden, when he was borne from the field by his two henchmen. After that disastrous defeat, ho skulked in his own country for about two months, and then sought an asylum among the Braes of Rannoch, where he was attended by Sir Stewart Thriepland, an Edinburgh physician, for the cure of his wounds. He afterwards lurked for some time in Badenoch with Cluny MacPherson, and some other fugitives. Here in the course of his wanderings he was joined by the prince, though not without great risk and danger on both sides. They took up, for a time, their residence in a hut called the Cage, curiously constructed in a deep thicket on the side of a mountain called Benalder, under which name is included a great forest or chase, the property of Cluny. In this Cage they lived in tolerable security and enjoyed a rude plenty, which the prince had not hitherto known during his five months' wanderings. On the 20th September 1746 two French frigates having appeared off the coast, Lochiel embarked along with the prince, as did nearly a hundred others of the relics of his party, and safely arrived in France, where the king gave him the command of the regiment of Albany, formed of his expatriated countrymen, with the power of naming his own officers. He was thus enabled, though his estate was forfeited, to live according to his rank. He died in 1748, and a tribute to his memory appeared in the Scots Magazine for December of that year. He married Anne, daughter of Sir James Campbell, fifth baronet of Auchinbreck, by whom he had three sons and four daughters. His eldest son Charles, who returned to Scotland in 1759, obtained the restoration of the family estate, which is now in the possession of his descendant. | John Cameron, bishop of Glasgow and chancellor of the kingdom in the latter part of the reign of James I. [b]was of the family of Lochiel.[/b] In 1422 he was official of Lothian, afterwards confessor and secretary to the earl of Douglas. In 1424 he was provost of Lincluden, and in the same year " Secretario Regis." In February 1425 we find him keeper of the great seal, and soon after keeper of the privy seal. In 1426 he was elected bishop of Glasgow, and in 1428 he was appointed lord chancellor, an office which he held until the end of that reign. He built the great tower at the episcopal palace on which his coat armorial and ecclesiastical was placed. He established two commissary courts, Hamilton and Campsie, the jurisdiction of which extended over parts of the counties of Dumbarton, Renfrew, Stirling, Lanark, and Ayr. He is said to have died on Christmas eve, 1436, but his name appears in a safe conduct (inserted in Rymer) dated 30th November 1437, and his successor in the tee of Glasgow was appointed in 1446. | Charles Cameron, son of the Lochiel of the '45, was allowed to return to Britain, and lent his influence to the raising of the Lochiel men for the service of government. His son, Donald, was restored to his estates under the general act of amnesty of 1784. The eldest son of the latter, also named Donald, born 25th September 1796, he obtained a commission in the Guards in 1814, and fought at Waterloo. He retired from the army in 1882, and died 14th December 1858, leaving two sons and four daughters. His eldest son, Donald, succeeded as chief of the clan Cameron. [b]The family of Cameron of Fassifem, in Argyleshire, possesses a baronetcy of the United Kingdom, conferred in 1817 on Ewen Cameron of Fassifern, the father of Colonel John Cameron, of the 92d Highlanders[/b], shot at the battle of Quatre Bras, 16th June 1815 while bravely leading on his men, for that officer's distinguished military services, with two Highlanders as supporters to his armorial bearings, and several heraldic distinctions indicating the particular services of Colonel Cameron. On the death of Sir Ewen in 1828, his second son, Sir Duncan, succeeded to the baronetcy. General Sir Alexander Cameron, K.C.B., who died in 1850 at his seat of Inverralort house, Inverness-shire, was also an eminent officer, having first entered the army in 1799, when he served under the duke of York in Holland. He was the eighth son of Donald Cameron, Esq. of Murlugan, by the daughter of Alexander M'Donald, Esq. ot Achtrichtan, and was born in 1778. In 1800 he was with his regiment at Ferrol; in 1801, in Egypt, where he was severely wounded in the arm and side; in 1807 at Copenhagen; in 1808 at Vimicra; in that and the following year in Spain; in 1813 at Vittoria, till wounded; and in 1814 in Holland. At Waterloo he was severely wounded in the throat. In 1828 he was appointed deputy-governor of St. Mawes, and in 1838 major-general in the army, in which latter year he was created a knight commander of the bath. In 1846 he became colonel of the 74th foot. He received a medal and two clasps for his services in command of the rifle brigade at Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz and Salamanca, and had a pension of five hundred pounds a-year in consideration of his long services and wounds. He married in 1818 the only daughter of C M'Donnell, Esq. of Barisdale. | CAMERON, John, one of the most famous theologians of the seventeenth century, was born, at Glasgow, about 1579. He received his education in his native city, and after completing the ordinary course of study, he read lectures on the Greek language, that is, he taught Greek, in Glasgow university, for a year In 1600 he went to Bordeaux in France, and having made the acquaintance of two protestant clergymen of that city, one of whom was his countryman, Gilbert Primrose, lie was, through their recommendation, appointed a regent or professor in the then newly founded college of Bergerac, as teacher of the learned languages. He was so deeply skilled in the Greek especially, that one of his pupils, the learned Cappel, affirms that he spoke it with as much fluency and elegance as any other person could speak Latin. Soon after his settlement at Bergerac, he was, by the duke de Bouillon, appointed a professor of philosophy in the university of Sedan, where he remained for two years. He then resigned his professorship, and visited Paris; after which he returned to Bordeaux, with the intention of studying for the ministry. In the beginning of 1604, Mr. Cameron was nominated one of the students of divinity who were maintained at the expense of the protestant church at Bordeaux, and who for the period of four years were at liberty to prosecute their studies in any protestant seminary. During this time he acted as tutor to the two sons of Calignon, chancellor of Navarre. After spending one year with them at Paris, they went to Geneva, where they remained the next two years, and thence removed to Heidelberg, in which city they resided for nearly twelve months. A series of theses, ' De triplici Dei cum Homine Foedere,' which he publicly maintained in this university, on 4th April 1608, have been priuted among his works. In the same year a vacancy having occurred in the protestant church at Bordeaux, by the dbath of one of the ministers, he was recalled to that town, and appointed colleague to his friend and countryman Primrose. In 1617 two sea captains were at Bordeaux condemned to death for piracy; as they professed the reformed faith, Cameron attended them in their last moments, and afterwards published a letter entitled 'Constance, Foy, et Resolution a la mort des Capitaines Blanquet et Gaillard,' which by the parliament of Bordeaux, in its popish animosity to protestantism, was ordered to be burnt by the hands of the common executioner. In the following year he was appointed professor of divinity in the university of Saumur, the principal seminary of the French protectants, where he had for a colleague Dr. Duncan, another of his learned countrymen, who were then very numerous in France. The high reputation which he had acquired by such of his works as had already been published, was now increased by his academical lectures. In 1620 he engaged in a formal disputation which lasted for four days, on the doctrines of grace and free will, with Daniel Tilenus, a native of Silesia, who had adopted the theological opinions of Arminius. An account of this Arnica Collatio was printed at Leyden in the subsequent year. The theological faculty of that university were not satisfied with some of Cameron's explanations ; and when Rivet, as dean of the faculty, communicated to him their dissent, he defended his opinions in a brief answer. The civil wars in France in 1620 had the effect of dispersing nearly all the students of the university of Saumur, on which Cameron, with his family, removed to England. For a short time he read private lectures on divinity in London, and in 1622 he was appointed by King James principal of the university of Glasgow, in the room of Robert Boyd of Trochrig, removed in consequence of his firm adherence to presbyterianism. Cameron, on the other hand, was more inclined to favour episcopacy, and it seems that among other doctrines taught by him was the dangerous one of passive obedience,-which was not calculated to render him popular wifh the presbyterian students of those days. After teaching divinity for about a year, he resigned his situation. According to Calderwood, he " was so misliked by the people, that he was forced, not long after, to remove out of Glasco." [Hist. vol. vii. p. 667.] He returned to Sanmur, where he was only permitted to read private lectures. The province of Anjou, in 1623, made an application to the national Synod of Charenton, that he might be reinstated in his professorship, but the king, in a letter to the commissioner to this synod, declared against his appointment to any ministerial or academical office in France, and the request was, in consequence, not granted; but on a representation by Cameron to the same synod, that he was then without employment, and destitute of any adequate means for the support of his family, the synod voted him a donation of a thousand livrcs. In the following year (1624) he was permitted to accept of the professorship. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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