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Why has Sub-Sahara Africa never have a civilization?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] The funny part is that the common man in Egypt also had mud houses built in similar construction. Plus when Europeans first ventured through the region they found that in many ways West Africans were more civilized. Timbuktu had several Universities with over 25 thousands students, whereas most of Europe, especially West Europe was illiterate. North Europeans were mainly hunter gatherers. [QUOTE]Originally posted by cassiterides: [qb] So a question to the Afrocentrics: Why has Sub-Sahara Africa never have a civilization? Go there today and it is still mud huts. When Europeans first ventured through this region all they found were primitive blacks in mud huts. And now hundreds of years later - nothing has changed. So why is the HOMELAND of black africans never had a civilization? Perhaps this explains why Afrocentrics are so obsessed with trying to steal white or asian history because they have nothing of their own? [/qb][/QUOTE]Built Heritage Architectural monuments in Africa have long been neglected, not only in the discussions about preservation but also physically. The last few decades however, starting from the sixties and seventies, the architectural treasures of this continent have more and more attracted western architects and researchers. At the Faculty of Architecture at the Delft University of Technology it was especially the Forum movement, with architects such as Aldo van Eyck and Herman Haan, which inspired many students and gave the debate about African Architecture an extra whim. Nowadays, most of the monumental built environment in Africa has been recognized as such. The importance of the recognition, validation and preservation of cultural heritage knows however many difficulties. Especially in a country like Mali, known for its rich cultural past and present, the diversity of attentions fields (archaeology, anthropology, architecture, music) creates a huge problem in how to make choices, how to create sustainable structures etc. The methods of labelling cultural heritage generate their own dynamics and problems. The most prestigious label is of course the World Heritage List of UNESCO. The preservation of a World Monument however is not so easy as it seems and one can often wander if this labelling actually provides a sustainable framework for conservation. The impact of this label on the local cultural perspective of the monument often exceeds the original, traditional perception of the building structures as a living part of everyday society. International conservation rules (for instance Charter of Venice) provide a fairly workable set of operational tools in regard to a conservation project. However, the local building traditions, the traditional way of modifying and using houses and the impact of modern western society often are in conflict with these international standards. Therefore, restoration and conservation of a modern historic city has to be seen in the framework of the development of the historical structures, the impact of western society and possible future growth. New city developments, electricity, sewerage systems, motorized transports, car parking, plastic pollution; these are just e few of the ingredients of the conflict between modern life and historical city structures. A new approach has to be defined, to reconsider the system of monumental labelling and its instruments to conserve and preserve. Djenné, a well known UNESCO World Monument, is a city which faces all of these problems. The case of its restoration can be used in the research for new restoration concepts and tools. Satellite cases such as Asmara and Zanzibar can be helpful to redefining international standards. http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=fe1ac176-f89c-46b3-8191-884c0c148a23&lang=en [/QB][/QUOTE]
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