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What are the influences from abroad that helped shape the rise of Egypt?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Calabooz': [QB] [QUOTE]On the other hand the Gebel el-Arak knife from Egypt shows the God El in Mesopotamian clothing. There is also the Narmer palette and Uruk cylinder seal which have serpopards in the same configuration, necks entwined with each other heads facing each other. Which came first, who influenced who, and the relevance of these things is uncertain. But there is some connection there apart from other cases where two cultures develop similar motifs independently. It doesn't apply in these two cases. Clearly in these cases the objects come out of a knowledge of the other culture.[/QUOTE]I actually like talking to you when you don't sound so retarded. Some of what you say is also true. However, I was referring specifically to Simple Girl's comparison of Egypt to southeastern Europe. She is trying to literally force a connection between the two when there is hardly a connection to be made at all. In regards to Mesopotamian influence, the Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of ancient Egypt offers insight: [QUOTE]It is often assumed that Egyptian writing was invented under a stimulus of the Mesopotamian writing system, developed in the late fourth millennium BC, that might have come at the time of the short-lived Uruk Culture expansion into Syria. A variety of artistic and architectural evidence for contact between Mesopotamia and late Predynastic Egypt has been found, [b]but none of it can be dated precisely in relation to Tomb U-j.[/b] Moreover, the Egyptian writing system is different from the Mesopotamian and must have been [b]developed independently.[/b] The possibility of “stimulus diffusion” from Mesopotamia remains, but [b]***the influence cannot have gone beyond the transmission of an idea.***[/b] A second point of contrast with Mesopotamia is in uses of writing. The earliest Egyptian writing consists of inscribed tags, ink notations on pottery, again principally from the royal cemetery at Abydos, and hieroglyphs incorporated into artistic compositions, of which the chief clear examples are such pieces as the Narmer Palette, which is probably more than a century later than Tomb U-j. Thus, while administrative uses of writing appear to have come at the beginning—examples from the Abydos tombs include such notations as “produce of Lower Egypt”—the system was integrated fully into pictorial representation. An intermediate, emblematic mode of representation in which symbols, including hieroglyphs, were shown in action also evolved before the 1st Dynasty. These three modes together formed a powerful artistic complex that endured as[/QUOTE]--Edited by Kathryn A. Bard So we can rule out Mesopotamia giving Egypt hieroglyphics and any possible influence "did not go beyond the transmission of an idea". [QUOTE]who influenced who[/QUOTE]Good question. Ideas travel. This doesn't mean that the ideas Mesopotamia offered Egypt helped the rise of Egyptian civilization Also see: http://www.scribd.com/doc/11800004/Too-Much-Stuff-Recent-Finds-in-Pre-Dynastic-Egypt "He [Gunther Dreyer] concluded his presentation by noting similarities between specific Egyptian and Mesopotamian objects and suggesting that perhaps there is an initial influence of Egyptian writing on Mesopotamia because there are signs on Mesopotamian objects that are only "readable" from the standpoint of the Egyptian language, but not the Mesopotamian language." - Mario Beatty, "Too Much Stuff": Recent Finds in Predynastic Egypt" The real contributions that gave rise to Egypt were Saharan's and Sudanese: "The communities using the cemeteries described above were almost the last dwellers of the dying savanna, which is today’s desert. The worsening drought soon forced them to migrate toward the Nile Valley, where they undoubtedly brought their culture, organizational system and beliefs contributing to the birth of ancient Egyptian civilization."--Michal Kobusiewicz et al. Read more here: http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=007364 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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