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[QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by anguishofbeing: [qb] Kabyle berber [b]1860[/b] i.e. long after the fall of Moors (blacks) and the advance of Europeans mixing. [/qb][/QUOTE]I think the people in the 1860 photo may be more mixed with Arabs than Europeans. They were able to avoid and retreat from the Ottomans into the mountains. Since the 4000 BC, the indigenous peoples of northern Africa (identified by the Romans as Berbers) were pushed back from the coast by successive waves of Phoenician, Roman, Vandal, Byzantine, Arab, Turkish, and, finally, French invaders. Phoenician traders arrived on the North African coast around 900 BC and established Carthage (in present-day Tunisia) around 800 BC. During the classical period, Berber civilization was already at a stage in which agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and political organization supported several states. Trade links between Carthage and the Berbers in the interior grew, but territorial expansion also resulted in the enslavement or military recruitment of some Berbers and in the extraction of tribute from others. The Carthaginian state declined because of successive defeats by the Romans in the Punic Wars, and in 146 BC the city of Carthage was destroyed. As Carthaginian power waned, the influence of Berber leaders in the hinterland grew. [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GM_Massinissa.png/200px-GM_Massinissa.png[/IMG] [/b] [/qb][/QUOTE]This is a Roman general of some sort, with what we call in America a typical Roman nose. Sorry Charlys. :rolleyes: Massinissa was a Berber like those who were called Tehenou. Roman coins are found in many cultures. He was of the same stock as Gildo "the Moor" (Aguellid or Galadima) the Tuareg name for chief and of the same stock as Firmus and Tacfarinus the latter meaning son of the Afren or Ifren man. i.e. Tuareg. Greek and Roman portrait statues and coins found in Sabaean, Arab and North African culture represent Romans not - not Africans or African Asiatics . Picturespam away if you must. it won't change history! :D [/QB][/QUOTE]
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