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Djehuti: Indian Civilization question
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [IMG]http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2508/4085597923_59ac932e3e.jpg[/IMG] . KUSHANA The next great empire in India was the Kushana empire. The Kushana came from Central Asia were called Yuehchih, by the Chinese. The Chinese literature claims that the Kushana originally came from Gansu province China before they were pushed into Central Asia as a result of Chinese expansion. Winters (1986b) has suggested that Yueh tribes included Manding and Dravidian speakers. The Yueh, were also called Yueh or Kuishuang. The Yueh people came from West, i.e., K'unlun/ Kunlun mountains. (Lacouperie 1887, p.123) In western literature the Kuishuang are called Kushana or Tokharian. The name Kuishuang for the Yuehchih people points to a western origin for some of the Yueh people. This is an historical reality given the Dravidian migration across Asia from Iran. In 176 B.C., the Huns fell upon the in western Gansu,defeated their army and murdered their King. This battle led to the Kushana migration into Nanshan region, and thence to Bactria and North India. (Bagchi 1955, p.4) The Kushana first occupied Transoxiana about 160 B.C. and established themselves in the Oxus Valley (Chi 1955, p.8) They later drove the Haumavorka Indo-European Saka people, from Bactria and founded the Kushana dynasty which lasted until the 3rd century A.D. It was Kujuula Kadphises who united the Kushana people and made them into a single nation. Kadphises conquered India as far as the Indus. His capital was Purushapura near Peshwar, in Pakistan. Later Wiima Kadphises extended Kushana rule into the Punjab. The Kushana conquered the Sakas and Parthians and took control of an empire stretching from the Oxus river in Afghanistan, to the Ganges plains of India.. This unite under one authority the former dominions of the Indo-Greeks and the Sunga dynasts. The greatest king of the Kushana was Kaniska. Kaniska came to power between A.D. 78-144. (Thapar 1972, p.92) [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/KanishkaDetail.JPG/574px-KanishkaDetail.JPG[/IMG] Kaniska ruled an empire extending from Central Asia, to Varansi in the Ganges Valley. He supported the arts and repaired many Kushana monuments and cities. Kaniska had two capitals. The capital in Central Asia was Bergraam or Kupura in Afghanistan, while in India the capital was established at Muthura. [b] The Kushana were not Vedic worshippers.[/b] As among the Egyptians and Nubians, the Kushana raised past kings to the status of "gods", and they dedicated temples to them. The Kushana were great patrons of the Buddhists. They supported the Mahavana (Great Vehicle) school of Buddhism. Under the Kushana the Buddha, was depicted in the form of the Muthuras school. These Muthura school Buddhas had strong negroid features. The Kushana king was called the raja or Maharajatiraja "king of Kings". Another famous Kushana king, Kujula imitating the Roman denares (coins) was the first Asians to circulate coins in central Asia. It was Kaniska, who first put Buddha on Indian coins. [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Kujula_seated_cross_legged_facing.jpg[/IMG] The Kushana made fine sculptures and engraved beautiful carved sheets of ivory. Their plaques are some of the finest art pieces in India. The Kushana were at this time in control of the Silk Road, which took Chinese goods to the West. It was also under the Kushana that Buddhism entered China. The Kushana ruled India for almost 200 years. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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