...
Post A Reply
my profile
|
directory
login
|
register
|
search
|
faq
|
forum home
»
EgyptSearch Forums
»
Deshret
»
awlaadberry or dana what are your thoughts on Arab slavery?
» Post A Reply
Post A Reply
Login Name:
Password:
Message Icon:
Message:
HTML is not enabled.
UBB Code™ is enabled.
[QUOTE]Originally posted by Mike111: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Mike111: Britannica articles The expansion of the Islamic empire led to the emergence of a substantial class of [b]nontribal Muslims (mawali),[/b] who became the base from which anti-Ummayad movements drew their supporters. The most notable of these movements was the Abbasid, which eventually succeeded in toppling the last Ummayad caliph, Marwan II, in 750. Abu Muslim's revolution After the conquest, little time was needed before a new Islamic beginning: Abu Muslim's movement, which began in Khorasan in 747 A.D, was caused by Arab assimilation with Persians in colonized regions. This revolution followed years of conspiracy directed from Medina and across to Khorasan along the trade route that linked East Asia with Merv and then with the West. Along this route, merchants with contacts in the Mesopotamian Arab garrison cities of Al-Kufah, Wasit, and Al-Basrah acted as intermediaries. [b]Persians who converted to Islam and became clients, or al-mawali, of Arab patrons,[/b] also played direct and indirect parts in the revolutionary movement. The movement also involved Arabs who had become partners with Khorasanian and Transoxanian Persians in ventures in the great east-west trade and inter-city trade of northeastern Persia. The revolution was, nevertheless, primarily an Arab Islamic movement that intended to supplant a militaristic, tyrannical central government—whose fiscal problems made it avid for revenue—by one more sympathetic to the needs of the merchants of eastern Islam. Abu Muslim, a revolutionary of unknown origin, was able to exploit the discontent of the merchant classes in Merv as well as that of the Arab settlers. The object of attack was the Umayyad government in Damascus. Umayyad Dynasty Umayyad rule was divided between two branches of the family: the Sufyanid (reigned 661–684), descendants of Abu Sufyan, and the Marwanid (reigned 684–750), Marwan I and his successors. The Sufyanids, notably Mu'awiyah I (reigned 661–680), centralized caliphal authority in Damascus. [b]The Syrian army[/b] became the basis of Umayyad strength, enabling the creation of a united empire through greater control of the conquered provinces and of Arab tribal rivalries. Under 'Abd al-Malik (reigned 685–705), the Umayyad caliphate reached its peak. Muslim armies overran most of Spain in the west and invaded Mukran and Sind in India, while in Central Asia, the Khorasanian garrisons conquered Bukhara, Samarkand, Khwarezm, Fergana, and Tashkent. In an extensive program of Arabization, Arabic became the official state language; the financial administration of the empire was reorganized, with Arabs replacing Persian and Greek officials; and a new Arabic coinage replaced the former imitations of Byzantine and Sasanian coins. Communications also improved with the introduction of a regular post service from Damascus to the provincial capitals, and architecture flourished. Decline began with the disastrous defeat of the Syrian army by the Byzantine Leo III, the Isaurian (717). Then the fiscal reforms of the pious 'Umar II (reigned 717–720), intended to mollify the increasingly [b]discontented mawali (non-Arab Muslims) by placing all Muslims on the same footing, without respect of nationality,[/b] led to financial crisis, while the recrudescence of feuds between southern (Kalb) and northern (Qays) Arab tribes seriously reduced military power. Hisham (reigned 724–743) was able to stem the tide temporarily. As the empire was reaching the limits of expansion—the Muslim advance into France was decisively halted at Poitiers (732), and Arab forces in Anatolia were destroyed (740)—frontier defenses, manned by Syrian troops, were organized to meet the challenge of Turks in Central Asia and Berbers in North Africa. But in the years following Hisham's death, feuds between the Qays and the Kalb erupted into major revolts in Syria, Iraq, and Khorasan (745–746), while the mawali became involved with the Hashimiyah ( q.v.), a religio-political sect that denied the legitimacy of Umayyad rule. In 749 the Hashimiyah, aided by the western provinces, proclaimed as caliph Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah, who thereby became first of the 'Abbasid dynasty. The last Umayyad, Marwan II (reigned 744–750), was defeated at the Battle of the Great Zab River (750). Members of the Umayyad house were hunted down and killed, but one of the survivors, 'Abd ar-Rahman, escaped and established himself as a Muslim ruler in Spain (756), founding the dynasty of the Umayyads of Córdoba. . [b]^I assume that everyone understands that the Syrian Army was GREEK![/b][/QUOTE][b]Dana, you and Jari keep mentioning non-Turk Slave soldiers. I know of no such members of the so-called Arab armies. Please let me explain the above: The Greeks were the primary component of the Umayyad army, they were particularly useful because they didn't care about Arab rivalries. They and other mawali, then helped overthrow the Umayyad's and brought in the Abbasid dynasty. The Abbasid's then brought in the Turks as slaves, and made them the mainstay of their dynasty. The Turks then over-through the Abbasid's, and made themselves masters. Just to show the value of being able to think - even a little bit. The Turks (their former slaves) have been the Arabs masters for over a thousand years![/b] [/QB][/QUOTE]
Instant Graemlins
Instant UBB Code™
What is UBB Code™?
Options
Disable Graemlins in this post.
*** Click here to review this topic. ***
Contact Us
|
EgyptSearch!
(c) 2015 EgyptSearch.com
Powered by UBB.classic™ 6.7.3