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Ancient Greeks attitude tord pale white skin.
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [QB] [IMG]http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/3q8x30897t2cs/uvynav/gg.jpg[/IMG] [b]1-- The Greeks institutionalized homosexual practices more, as opposed to mere tolerance of outliers.[/b] For example, the mighty Spartans institutionalized it as an integral part of their military training. Along long with the Spartans the famous 'Sacred Band" of Thebes was made of up 300 men joined in homosexual pairs- sleeping together and fighting together. As regards the Spartans and others: "..young boys between the ages of 6 and 16 were organized in 'packs' and 'herds' and placed under the supervision of young adult Spartans. This supervision was sometimes seen as surrogate fathering and one marker of its activity ".. was the institution of institutionalized pederasty. After the age of twelve, each Spartan teenager was expected to receive a young adult warrior as his lover." --From: The Spartans: the world of the warrior-heroes of ancient Greece, from utopia to crisis and collapse Paul Cartledge, 2003.pg 69-70 [b]1A-- The Greek institutionalization of homosexual activity was heavily focused on pederasty:[/b] In the "Politics of Spartan Pederasty" in Homosexuality in the ancient world, pg 23, various documentation from the Spartan era ranges from rock-cut graffiti, to bronze figurines of decidedly masculine "girls", to depictions of anal copulation on drinking cups, to terracotta votive masks depicting unbearded 'Youth' and bearded adult 'Warriors' found in the sanctuary at Orthia. quote: ".. the evidence of Xenophon and Plutarch is sufficient to establish the important conclusion that pederasty in Sparta was institutionalised." [b]2-- The Greeks embraced homosexuality and it also appears frequently among their major gods, as part of the package, without any apparent moral censure. It was simply accepted that the major gods would get in their gay action.[/b] For example, Mighty Poseidon took Pelops, the son of Tantalus, to Mt. Olympus as his paramour. Hermes, the Greek messenger and trickster often known as the “cunning deceiver was a lover of both men and women. Hermes had several sons including Pan, the horned satyr who loved both men and women (giving birth to the English word “pansexual”). Romans gave Hermes the name of Mercury, and both traditions considered him to have invented masturbation. Apollo enjoyed male on male activity, tragically killing Hyacinth, his beloved male lad, in a discus-throwing accident. Mighty Zeus was no shirker at the rear, as his relationship with human male Ganymede reveals. Ever generous, Zeus gave Ganymede’s father a golden grapevine and/or a pair of horses in exchange for raping his son. [IMG]http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/Images/ZeusCourtingGanymede.jpg[/IMG] [i]White Zeus was no shirker at hindquarters. Here he kidnaps and prepares to sodomize the white youth Ganymede ..[/i] [b]3-- The Greeks seem to have embraced homosexual activity widely although with certain qualifications, such as disapproval of male prostitutes outside certain areas, etc etc.[/b] FROM: Homosexuality in the ancient world - Page 80. Wayne R. Dynes, Stephen Donaldson - 1992 - "One of the intriguing features of the Greeks is their active interest in homosexuality... Yet the adherents of this solution [a ritual of initiation] have not attempted an explanation pf this puzzling phenomenon and they have ignored the existence of Indo-European (henceforth: I-E) parallels." pg 49 pg 50: "The bachelors had recourse to sodomy, a practice which was not reprobated but was actually a custom of the country- and a custom in the true sense, i.e., fully sanctioned by male society and universally practised." --------- [b]According to researchers Blumfield and Raymond who have written several books on homosexuality, the Greeks embraced the practice in many aspects of life, including in their militaries:[/b] --(Looking at gay and lesbian life, 1988, by Blumenfeld and Raymond: pg 153-179) "It was not unusual for men to comment on the attractiveness of other men, or for them to express affection for one another. At least part of the reason for this fascination with physical attractiveness and sex is that the Greeks had developed into a culture that had a great deal of leisure time. They were not required to work constantly in order to survive. Blumenfeld and Raymond wrote: “Similarly, the Greek attitude toward sex was, for the most part, value-neutral. …And, though exclusive homosexuality was probably discouraged as a threat to the family, it was widely tolerated both for older men who had children and for younger men prior to marriage.” (Blumenfeld and Raymond 1988, 155) The Greek military attitude toward homosexuality was that it brought a sense of comradeship. It was often believed that a person would fight harder to protect his unit if that unit included a lover or lovers. This unique form of male bonding is attributed by some to the greatness of the Greek military might. In spite of this encouragement of homosexual practices, the picture is different for those who were exclusively passive at anal sex. They were believed to be polluted, and to have become like women. Therefore, they were expelled from military service as untrustworthy. Greek society only negatively defined homosexual activity when it was exclusive or related to prostitution by a citizen. In nearly every other instance, homosexual conduct was considered acceptable and practical. It was simply a way of enjoying the beauty and awesomeness of the male bodies that they revered so highly. The attitude toward the family and education could have also played a role in the attitude toward homosexuality. The family was considered the basis for reproduction. Women were restricted in their sexual activity because they were needed in order to bear children. Men could have sex with either women or men, so long as they met their societal obligation to reproduce. This is probably why exclusive anal sex was prohibited. Catamites could not bear children for their partners. Education was the responsibility of the teachers and philosophers. Girls were excluded from the education system that was designed to teach boys how to be men. The student was expected to respect and admire his teacher. The teacher was expected to gain the devotion and affection of his student. Therefore, homosexual conduct between a teacher and student was considered a valuable part of the education process. The family, on the other hand, was simply needed for procreation. During the republic period, Cicero declared without challenge that there is nothing illegal about a man taking another to the country in order to enjoy his erotic sensual pleasures. Although one could easily have sex with his wife at home, a man in the baths, a prostitute in the brothel, and a slave in a dark corner, he would have only been criticized if he were not able to keep everything in its place." --(Looking at gay and lesbian life, 1988, by Blumenfeld and Raymond: pg 153-179) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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