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Cranio-facial studies - ancient Egyptians group with North Africans/ West Eurasians
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Anthro Thinker: [QB] [IMG]http://img19.imageshack.us/img19/4026/hanihara2003.png[/IMG] Sample Set [b]Europeans[/b] 47. Russians 7274 (74) 4547 (41) Recent Russians (NHM, UC, MAE, MSU) 48. Greece 4654 (20) 1216 (4) Ancient and recent Greece (NHM) 49. Eastern Europeans 8098 (52) 1824 (16) Slav group: Poland, Czecho, Hergegovina, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia (NHM) 50. Italy 131146 (82) 4247 (31) Recent Italians (NHM) 51. Finland/Ural 7275 (35) 56 (2) Including a few samples of Ural-language people (NHM, MH) 52. Scandinavia 5760 (30) 5 (3) Norwegians and Swedish (NHM, UC) 53. Germany 5861 (44) 910 (7) Recent German (NHM, UC) 54. France 7486 (23) 1821 (0) Recent French (NHM, UC, MH) UK series 55. Ensay 6468 (58) 2930 (30) Late Medieval to post-Medieval periods, Scotland (NHM) 56. Poundbury 97109 (106) 4652 (47) Late Roman period, Southwest England (NHM) 57. Spitalfields-1 122135 (121) 104113 (106) Mid-Victorian, London (NHM) 58. Spitalfields-2 7374 (75) 1719 (35) Pre-17th century, London (UC) [b]North Africans[/b] 59. Naqada 8287 (57) 8993 (39) Predynastic Egypt, ca. 5,0004,000 BP (UC) 60. Gizeh 122125 (91) 4651 (32) 26th30th Dynasty, Egypt, 664343 BC (UC) 61. Kerma 114132 (58) 7992 (51) 12th13th Dynasty of Nubia (UC) 62. Nubia 8692 (39) 4247 (9) Early Christian or Christian date Nubia (UC) [b]Subsaharan Africans[/b] 63. Somalia 5864 (53) 1012 (5) Erigavo District, Ogaden Somali (US) 64. Nigeria-1 7483 (72) 6576 (53) Ibo tribe (NHM, UC) 65. Nigeria-2 7380 (17) 4653 (7) Ashanti tribe (NHM, UC) 66. Gabon 8286 (47) 5557 (36) Fernand Vaz River (NHM, NMNH) 67. Tanzania 6975 (54) 2025 (17) Haya tribe, Musira Island, Lake Victoria (UC, NHM) 68. Kenya 7182 (31) 5563 (10) Bantu-speaking people from Kenya (UC, NHM) 69. South Africa 100109 (53) 2125 (8) Zulu and once called Kaffir tribes (UC, NHM, AMNH) 70. Khoisans 4336 (28) 1722 (13) Bushmans and Hottentots (NHM, UC, AMNH) [i]"Roughly three major constellations are evident. The Subsaharan African, Southeast Asian, and Oceanian samples form a cluster in one quadrant of Figure 2a. However, the Subsaharan African samples form a distinct grouping, well removed from the Southeast Asian and Oceanian samples on the third and fourth principal coordinates. In Figures 1 and 2, the Subsaharan African samples show significant separation from other regions, as well as diversity among themselves. The East/Northeast Asian and European samples form two additional discernable clusters. The New World and Arctic samples are peripheral subgroups in the large East/Northeast Asian cluster, and the two Ainu samples are outliers to other East Asians. The Central Asian samples are located between the Eastern Asian and European clusters. In the bottom half of Figure 2a, the South Asian samples are nearest to the center of all groups, the North African samples are a bit further removed, and the European samples are more separated, having the lowest scores on principal axis 2. Applying the neighbor-joining method to the MMD distances results in the dendrogram illustrated in Figure 3. [b] The initial split, suggesting the greatest dissimilarity, is between Subsaharan Africans and the rest of the world. The Europeans, North Africans, and South Asians are then separated from the remaining groups. [/b]Oceania and the Southeast Asian groups form a separate branch that is separated from a large grouping of Central andEast/Northeast Asian, Arctic, and New World series clusters. The Arctic cluster, which includes groups from northeasternmost Siberia, is deep in a branch containing all New World groups. The Ainu samples are more similar to mainland groups from the Amur River basin and Lake Baikal than to the Japanese." [/i] [IMG]http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6128/5981598277_68c09b7b29_b.jpg[/IMG] [b]SOURCE : [/b] SOURCE : HANIHARA, TSUNEHIKO, HAJIME ISHIDA, AND YUKIO DODO. 2003. Characterization of biological diversity through analysis of discrete cranial traits. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121:241-251. [b]Link :[/b] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.10233/abstract [b]PDF :[/b] http://wysinger.homestead.com/discrete_cranial.pdf [/QB][/QUOTE]
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