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WHITES: ENDEMIC TYR+ ALBINOIDS big deal
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by MelaninKing: [QB] A BRIEF LOOK AT THE STRIA VASCULARIS IN AIT – CARIN S. SMIT Melanin Receptors[i]of the inner ear, AIT and Metabolism Melanin, a form of pigments, doesn't only occur in the skin, brain and eyes. In humans, melanin[ii] is found in skin, hair, the pigmented tissue underlying the iris, the medulla and zona reticularis of the adrenal gland, the bones, heart, the stria vascularis of the inner ear, and in pigment-bearing neurons of certain deep brain nuclei such as the locus ceruleus and the substantia nigra. The area in the ear, called the stria vascularis, where melanin is found, is of special importance to AIT as it possibly represents both a locus of toxicity and a rationale for a probable mechanism for detoxification, as it is energized by acoustic energy, likely aiding in the restoration of auditory lesions through intensive acoustic stimulation. Melanin Containing Hormone R2 is only found in some primates and carnivores, including ferrets, dogs and man. Larsson[iii] explains that various drugs and other chemicals, such as organic amines, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., are bound to melanin and retained in pigmented tissues for long periods. He stresses that the physiological significance of the binding is not evident, but it has been suggested that the melanin protects the pigmented cells and adjacent tissues by absorbing potentially harmful substances, which then are slowly released in nontoxic concentrations. Figure 30: Cross-section of cochlea showing stria vascularis [IMG]http://www.aithelps.com/images/clip_image002.jpg[/IMG] Long-term exposure, on the other hand, may build up high levels of noxious chemicals, stored on the melanin, which ultimately may cause degeneration in the melanin-containing cells, and secondary lesions in surrounding tissues. E.g. in the inner ear, the pigmented cells are located close to the receptor cells, and melanin binding may be an important factor in the development of some inner ear lesions. He speculates that neuromelanin in the brain, is present in nerve cells in the extra pyramidal system, and the melanin affinity of certain neurotoxic agents may be involved in the development of parkinsonism, and possibly tardive dyskinesia, whereas I would like to speculate that in young children, it might be one of the key contributing reasons why we see such significant sensory disturbances (ocular and auditory) in children with autism. 1 Nordlund,J.J., Boissy, R.E., Hearing, V.J., King, R.A., Oetting, W.S. & Ortonne, J.P. , 2006. The Pigmentary System, 2nd Ed., Wiley-Blackwell. 3 Larsson, B.S. 1993. Interaction Between Chemicals and Melanin. Wiley Inner Science. 4 Listening to the Sound of Skin Cancer inOptic Letters, Optical Society of America 5 Bartels, S., Ito, S., Trune, D.R. & Nuttall, A.L., 2001. Noise-induced hearing loss: the effect of melanin in the stria vascularis. 6 Barrenäs ML, Axelsson A. The development of melanin in the stria vascularis of the gerbil. In Acta Otolaryngol. 1992;112(1):50-8. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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