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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by huy60: [qb] "Stature estimation;anatomical method;regression formulae; Egyptians " Thanks, I already replied to that. They may developed tropical traits due to adaptation. (I will read the rest later) "I noticed you comletly avoided my images of Greek/Non Egyptian images of Egyptians" Because you cite no evidence, no reference, no source of what you previously said about the picture : "Portrayal of Egyptians on a Greek vase". Regarding the two other quotes, again, I wonder if these paragraphs speak in an absolute, or a relative sense. Again, I cite Herodotus : "Indeed, Herodotus himself mentions only "Ethiopians" – not Egyptians – as having the "woolliest hair of all men" (Herodotus Histories 7.70.1)." [/qb][/QUOTE]No you dumbass, there is more than just one ethnic group in Africa. As the studies confirm. So therefore I don't even take time to mention the Greek statues! lol For one to have tropical body portions one needs to come from a tropical environment. Limbs take thousands of years to adapt to cold or warm temperatures. There is one exception which is bias sex-base. During the time of the Holocene and Neolithic people from Eurasia came only recently from a extreme cold environment. Hence making them cold adapted. Till this day and time. Europeans and Eurasians are cold adapted, this is no secret the info is out there. All you write is rubbish, with little understanding of the sciences we address. http://www.quarryscapes.no/images/Egypt_sites/Aswan1.gif Nubia's Oldest House? Some of the most important evidence of early man in Nubia was discovered recently by an expedition of the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, under the direction of Dr. Kryzstof Grzymski, on the east bank of the Nile, about 70 miles (116 km) south of Dongola, Sudan. During the early 1990's, this team discovered several sites containing hundreds of Paleolithic hand axes. At one site, however, the team identified an apparent stone tool workshop, where thousands of sandstone hand axes and flakes lay on the ground around a row of large stones set in a line, suggesting the remains of a shelter. This seems to be the earliest "habitation" site yet discovered in the Nile Valley and may be up to [b]70,000 years[/b] old. What the Nubian environment was like throughout these distant times, we cannot know with certainty, but it must have changed many times. For many thousands of years it was probably far different than what it is today. Between about [b]50,000 to 25,000 years[/b] ago, the hand axe gradually disappeared and was replaced with numerous distinctive chipped stone industries that varied from region to region, suggesting the presence in Nubia of many different peoples or tribal groups dwelling in close proximity to each other. [b]When we first encounter skeletal remains in Nubia, they are those of modern man: homo sapiens[/b]*. Nubia's Oldest Battle? From about [b]25,000 to 8,000 years[/b] ago, the environment gradually evolved to its present state. From this phase several very early settlement sites have been identified at the Second Cataract, near the Egypt-Sudan border. [b]These appear to have been used seasonally by people leading a semi-nomadic existence. The people hunted, fished, and ground wild grain. [/b] The first cemeteries also appear, suggesting that people may have been living at least partly sedentary lives. One cemetery site at Jebel Sahaba, near Wadi Halfa, Sudan, contained a number of bodies that had suffered violent deaths and were buried in a mass grave. This suggests that people, even [b]10,000 years[/b] ago, had begun to compete with each other for resources and were willing to kill each other to control them. http://www.nubianet.org/about/about_history1.html [b]Busharia reveals the precocious appearance of pottery on the African continent around the [i]9th millennium B.C[/i].[/b] The site of Busharia is located near the desert, at the edge of the alluvial plain and near an old Nile channel. It reveals the remains of human occupation at the onset of the Holocene. The settlement is rather eroded, only a few artefacts, ostrich egg fragments and extremely old ceramic sherds remain. These sherds date to circa [b]8200 B.C[/b]. The ceramic assemblage is homogenous, which suggests the existence of a single occupation phase. The decorations and the use of the return technique, common in the central Sahara around the [b]6th millennium B.C.,[/b] are unique in this Nubian context for such an early period. Remains discovered on site suggest the existence of a semi-sedentary population living from hunting, fishing, and the gathering of wild plants. A trial trench and a small-scale excavation were conducted on this Mesolithic site; however, it is impossible to obtain at present a better understanding of the context related to the first ceramics in the region. As this site is located near cultivated zones, it is thus threatened with short-term destruction. http://www.kerma.ch/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Itemid=92 Three scale models—of the Mesolithic hut of el-Barga ( [b]7500 B.C.[/b] ), the proto-urban agglomeration of the Pre-Kerma (3000 B.C.) and the ancient city of Kerma (2500-1500 B.C.)—give a glimpse of the world of the living. They show the evolution of settlements for each of the key periods in Nubian history. Huts indicate the birth of a sedentary way of life, the agglomeration confirms the settling of populations on a territory and the capital of the Kingdom of Kerma marks the culmination of the complexification of Nubian architecture with its ever more monumental constructions. The three models were created in Switzerland by Hugo Lienhard and were installed in the museum in January 2009. http://www.kerma.ch/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6&Itemid=45&lang=en Wadi el-Arab reveals an almost continuous series of settlement remains spanning two millennia as well as the first Neolithic burials known in Africa. This site is located today in a desert region. Discovered in 2005, it has been under excavation since 2006. This is an open-air site occupied on several occasions during a period between [b]8300 and 6600 B.C[/b]. Its inhabitants then lived in a rather wooded environment, living on fishing, hunting and gathering. The site reveals numerous flint tools and flakes, grinding stone fragments, ceramic sherds, ostrich eggshell beads, shells and mollusc remains, fish vertebrae and faunal remains. Rare domesticated ox bones were discovered and dated to circa [b]7000 B.C[/b]. This discovery is important for the question regarding the origin of animal domestication in Africa because it reinforces the idea of a local domestication of African oxen from aurochs living in the Nile Valley. During the 2006-2007 campaign, six burial pits were excavated in three different areas. Dated to between [b]7000 and 6600, these burials are the first known Neolithic burials on the African continent[/b]. http://www.kerma.ch/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=57 Project Director : Prof. Matthieu Honegger [i]The Upper Palaeolithic Lithic Industry of Nazlet Khater 4 (Egypt): Implications for the Stone Age/Palaeolithic of Northeastern Africa[/i] [b]Authors: Leplongeon, Alice1; Pleurdeau, David2 Source: African Archaeological Review, Volume 28, Number 3, September 2011, pp. 213-236(24)[/b] Abstract: Between Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 and 2, Northeast Africa witnessed migrations of Homo sapiens into Eurasia. Within the context of the aridification of the Sahara, the Nile Valley probably offered a very attractive corridor into Eurasia. This region and this period are therefore central for the (pre)history of the out-of-Africa peopling of modern humans. However, there are very few sites from the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic that document these migration events. In Egypt, the site of Nazlet Khater 4 (NK4), which is related to ancient H. sapiens quarrying activities, is one of them. Its lithic assemblage shows an important laminar component, and this, associated with its chronological position (ca. 33 ka), means that the site is the most ancient Upper Palaeolithic sites of this region. The detailed study of the Nazlet Khater 4 lithic material shows that blade production (volumetric reduction) is also associated with flake production (surface reduction). This technological duality addresses the issue of direct attribution of NK4 to the Upper Palaeolithic. Wadi Kubbaniya (ca. 17,000–15,000 B.C.) [b]In Egypt, the earliest evidence of humans can be recognized only from tools found scattered over an ancient surface, sometimes with hearths nearby. In Wadi Kubbaniya[/b], [i]a dried-up streambed cutting through the Western Desert to the floodplain northwest of Aswan in Upper Egypt,[/i] some interesting sites of the kind described above have been recorded. A cluster of Late Paleolithic camps was located in two different topographic zones: on the tops of dunes and the floor of the wadi (streambed) where it enters the valley. Although no signs of houses were found, diverse and sophisticated stone implements for hunting, fishing, and collecting and processing plants were discovered around hearths. Most tools were bladelets made from a local stone called chert that is widely used in tool fabrication. The bones of wild cattle, hartebeest, many types of fish and birds, as well as the occasional hippopotamus have been identified in the occupation layers. Charred remains of plants that the inhabitants consumed, especially tubers, have also been found. It appears from the zoological and botanical remains at the various sites in this wadi that the two environmental zones were exploited at different times. We know that the dune sites were occupied when the Nile River flooded the wadi because large numbers of fish and migratory bird bones were found at this location. When the water receded, people then moved down onto the silt left behind on the wadi floor and the floodplain, probably following large animals that looked for water there in the dry season. Paleolithic peoples lived at Wadi Kubbaniya for about 2,000 years, exploiting the different environments as the seasons changed. Other ancient camps have been discovered along the Nile from Sudan to the Mediterranean, yielding similar tools and food remains. These sites demonstrate that the early inhabitants of the Nile valley and its nearby deserts had learned how to exploit local environments, developing economic strategies that were maintained in later cultural traditions of pharaonic Egypt. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/wadi/hd_wadi.htm *Wadi Halfa is present North Sudan. *Wadi Kubbaniya is present Southern Egypt. [IMG]http://images.travelpod.com/users/ebowley/1.1243516440.nubians.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61aaIV2p8CL.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://i204.photobucket.com/albums/bb178/beyoku/em782yw3.jpg[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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