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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by huy60: [qb] Oh, and before i forget : The history and geography of human genes http://books.google.fr/books?id=FrwNcwKaUKoC&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "In summary, the information available on individual groups in Ethiopia and North Africa is fairly limited but sufficient to show that they are all separate from sub-Saharan Africans and that North Africans and East Africans (Ethiopian and neighbors) are also clearly separate. Estimation of admixture by standard methods (Guglielmino-Matessi et al., in prep.) has given values of about 60% African and 40% Caucasoid, using sub-Saharan Africans as African “parents” and Southwest Asians as Caucasoid parents. Because very similar results are obtained using North Africans as Caucasoid parents, it is difficult to tell whether Southwest Asians or North Africans contributed the Caucasoid genes. Perhaps both did. Using the simple Fst approach discussed in chapter 1 for calculating admixtures, average gene frequencies from Nilotic speakers as prototypes of African ancestors, as well as gene frequencies of North Africans averaged for the five groups of table 3.6.1 as Caucasoid ancestors, one obtains 53% of African (and 47% Caucasoid) contribution for Tigre, 57% for Amhara, 56% for Cushitic." Population genetic structure of variable drug response http://ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Wilson-NatGen-01-GDR.pdf "Notably, 62% of the Ethiopians fall in the first cluster, which encompasses the majority of the Jews, Norwegians and Armenians, indicating that placement of these individuals in a ‘Black’ cluster would be an inaccurate reflection of the genetic structure. Only 24% of the Ethiopians are placed in the cluster with the Bantu and most of the Afro-Caribbeans; however, 21% of the Afro-Caribbeans are placed in a cluster with the West Eurasians (presumably reflecting genetic exchange with Europeans)." [/qb][/QUOTE]Your post shows old data...as usually! lol Explain why Ethiopians are tropical adapted and not extensive hairy, whereas Eurasians are the complete opposite. Meaning cold adapted and extensive hairy. lol Not to say that there is no admixture at all. But this gene occurred during the Abyssinia rule and Islamic expansion. The autosomal is typically from Yemen and Oman. A people who look ethnically very similar and have a similair history and culture too. They in fact are a people related to Nilo Saharans and Horners. More of this later... The North African part is distinct between Northwest E-M81 and Northeast E-M78. Dumbass. The Northeast Africa-based E1b1b1a subclade is defined by SNP M78. Somalia, Sudan and Egypt are among the present day countries with very high frequencies (60-90%) of the E1b1b1a M78 subclade. The STR data also support its origin in this area with a TMRCA estimated at 14-23 kya. The E1b1b1a1b (V32) subclade is a descendant of E1b1b1a1 (V12). E1b1b1a1b/V32 is highest in Somalia (47-75%), This somewhat rare haplogroup, E1b1b1e (V6), has only been observed in East Africa with the most appreciable levels seen in Ethiopia (4-17%). Kenya and Somalia also harbor a moderate frequency (5%) of this subclade. [IMG]http://www.africanamericanculturalcenterpalmcoast.org/historyafrican/tishkoff2009blue.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://i42.tinypic.com/30u6z5e.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.africanamericanculturalcenterpalmcoast.org/historyafrican/sanchezethiopsomaliplot2.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://img72.imageshack.us/img72/6360/wilsondebunk.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://img716.imageshack.us/img716/6800/ethiopiandna.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1073/687259891_e33148b092.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3172/2720331534_8222c087a3.jpg[/IMG] "The results of a population survey on blood group distribution in Somalia, East Africa, are presented. Over 1,000 subjects were tested for most blood groups included in the survey. The sampling covered the whole country and was well in accordance with the population density as estimated by the recorded birth places of the subjects. Altogether, 46 blood group antigens were tested, partly common antigens within 11 of the major blood group systems, but also infrequent and very frequent antigens, some not tested before in Africa, were included. The results were compared with the available data for other related peoples and for populations from the same geographical area. The standard genetic distances were also applied in the comparison. The results suggest that only a minor component in the genetic constitution of the Somali population can be ascribed to Caucasian admixture. They are markedly in contrast with some earlier findings. During the survey we observed a previously unknown Rh gene complex occurring with a polymorphic frequency in Somalis." P. Sistonend, J. Koistinena, Aden Abdulleb. (1987) Distribution of Blood Groups in the East African Somali Population. Hum Hered. 37(5):300-313 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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