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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by huy60: [qb] Oh, and before i forget : The history and geography of human genes http://books.google.fr/books?id=FrwNcwKaUKoC&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "In summary, the information available on individual groups in Ethiopia and North Africa is fairly limited but sufficient to show that they are all separate from sub-Saharan Africans and that North Africans and East Africans (Ethiopian and neighbors) are also clearly separate. Estimation of admixture by standard methods (Guglielmino-Matessi et al., in prep.) has given values of about 60% African and 40% Caucasoid, using sub-Saharan Africans as African “parents” and Southwest Asians as Caucasoid parents. Because very similar results are obtained using North Africans as Caucasoid parents, it is difficult to tell whether Southwest Asians or North Africans contributed the Caucasoid genes. Perhaps both did. Using the simple Fst approach discussed in chapter 1 for calculating admixtures, average gene frequencies from Nilotic speakers as prototypes of African ancestors, as well as gene frequencies of North Africans averaged for the five groups of table 3.6.1 as Caucasoid ancestors, one obtains 53% of African (and 47% Caucasoid) contribution for Tigre, 57% for Amhara, 56% for Cushitic." Population genetic structure of variable drug response http://ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Wilson-NatGen-01-GDR.pdf "Notably, 62% of the Ethiopians fall in the first cluster, which encompasses the majority of the Jews, Norwegians and Armenians, indicating that placement of these individuals in a ‘Black’ cluster would be an inaccurate reflection of the genetic structure. Only 24% of the Ethiopians are placed in the cluster with the Bantu and most of the Afro-Caribbeans; however, 21% of the Afro-Caribbeans are placed in a cluster with the West Eurasians (presumably reflecting genetic exchange with Europeans)." [/qb][/QUOTE]First of all, E3a and E3b are siblings, the allele mutation in the occurred about 30-20Ky. It's a minor microscopic mutation. Of which you make such a big deal. Sub clases of thsi marker E3b can be found in South African populations as well. All these people relate very closely, before you do with any of them. As a matter of fact you aren't even in the picture, at all. This is what you can't understand. Although they appear different, physically. [b]Paragroup E-M78 represents 74.5% of haplogroup E*, the highest frequencies observed in Masalit and Fur populations. [/b] [IMG]http://www.lnsart.com/JachCampChiefSudan.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://tinyurl.com/3pzk2nj[/IMG] [IMG]http://tinyurl.com/63pcn63[/IMG] [IMG]http://eadone.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/bassiouni3.jpg[/IMG] [b]*Notes on E-M78 and Rosa DNA study linking Egyptians with East and Central Africans.[/b] DNA study (Rosa et al. 2007) groups Egyptians with East and Central Africans. Other DNA studies link these peoples together. Quote:“the majority of Y chromosomes found in populations in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and Oromos in Somalia and North Kenya (Boranas) belong to haplogroup E3b1 defined by the Y chromosome marker M78“(Sanchez 2005). Codes: Egy=Egypt. Or= Oromo, Ethiopia. Am=Amahara, Ethiopia. Sud=Sudan. FCA=Cameroon. Maa= Massai, Kenya.Note: Eighty (80)% or more of the haplotypes in Cameroon are of West African origin (Rosa et al. 2007, Cerny et al. 2006). Ethiopia, Cameroon and most of the Sudan is located below the Sahara, and thus sub-Saharan.-- Rosa, et al.(2007) Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7:124 [IMG]http://bwpc.org/cpg133/albums/userpics/normal_dinka_girl_south_sudan.JPG[/IMG] [IMG]http://ic2.pbase.com/g4/81/662581/2/59623979.DSC_0369.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://tinyurl.com/7j6w9e3[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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