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The People of Lerna - Book report
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Mike111: [QB] John Lawrence Angel (1915–1986) was a British-American biological anthropologist. He was appointment in 1962 as Curator of Physical (Biological) Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. This book, The People of Lerna was published in 1971. On page 5 Angel says this: Quote: “This is a visual classification and approach of the sort which we all use in everyday life. For this reason I use visual appraisal and not the arbitrary combinations of indices which Dixon 1923, and Hooton 1930 used, nevertheless, the history of anthropology shows typologies to be dangerous; as oversimplifications, [b]they have been used for the worst purposes of generalizations and racism.[/b] Then the degenerate racist goes on to use terms to describe what are overwhelmingly Black skulls, with Albino related terms. Timeframe - Early, Middle, late Neolithic - 6,000 - 5,000 - 4,000 B.C. Early bronze 3,000, (Early Helladic III starting at 2,200 B.C. Middle bronze - late Helladic I-II – 2,000-1,600 B.C. Late bronze late Helladic I-III and Mycenaean – 1,600 – 1,150 B.C. Early iron age 1,150-650 B.C. Geometric ceramic period - 850-650 B.C. Page 29 - circa 2,000 B.C. those causing the destruction of Lerna - proto-Hellenes, were probably the first of several waves reaching Greece. Gimbutas (1963) sees the origin of these indo-European people as the steppe farmers east of the Caspian Sea, then later, the kurgan people north of the black sea. Skull Types as defined by Angel: A) Linear rugged skull, with reduced but sometimes wide upper face and strong jaws. Basic white, Cro-Magnon, Eurafrican, (as in latest paleolithic Russia - Debets 1955, or Hotu 2 in north Iran - Angel 1952, or in north Africa from Nubia to morocco - Anderson 1968, Ferembach 1962, Biggs 1955, as well as in central Europe - Coon 1939. Basic White type AI is close to the British Megalithic form and to the Atlanto-Mediterranean of Deniker and others. it is longer-faced, more linear than A3. Type A2 is a smaller version of the upper paleolithic norm and is broader based and more rugged than A3, the central basic white which approximates the Eurafrican, and is a smaller version of Cro-magnon. A4 is a squat-faced and low-headed version of A3 being more eastern than African. A5 is a more massive version. B) Extremely gracile paedomorphic, linear, pinched-face, Classic Mediterranean - clear only late at Wadi en Natuf and elsewhere in the steppe-desert edge from Anau in Turkestan westward to morocco - McCown 1939, Angel 1951, Ferembach 1962. The classic Mediterranean type B1 is a generalized Mediterranean whereas B2 is the more angular form as often found in Egypt. types B3 more linear, B4 with the long face approximate the desert belt versions from north Africa and Siwah to Hissar and Kazakhstan. C) Paedomorphic with reduced and rounded face, but keeping the wide Neanderthal skull base and brain, and hence a wide skull (Alpinoid) as at Solutre and Ofnet - Coon 1939, and elsewhere in central Europe. Alpine C1 is typical central European alpine. C2 is a smaller version of this, C3 is the upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic form. C4 is short faced but narrow-nosed and with an almost flat occiput, it is eastern but not Armenoid form. C5 is a low-headed and squat-faced version of C4. D) Forms with reduced massiveness, keeping Neanderthal anterior face, downgrowth and nose strength to resist oblique forward chewing stresses. (Nordic-Iranian, Irano-Afghan, corded etc. as in Hotu 1, later at Sialk, Vallois 1939 and Hissar, Krogman 1940, in northern Iran, Ginsburg 1956, and with corded culture in Europe, Coon 1939. Nordic-Iranian type D1 lies between Anglo-Saxon and keltic area norms. and D2 is the earlier pre-bronze age corded form which coon identifies. D3 is lighter and more hawk-nosed and is transitional to the Mediterranean type B4 and D4 (Iranian) which is the proto-Iranian of Vallois and proto-Nordic of krogman. D5 approximates coons Danubian-Hallstatt. E) Direct paedomorphic transformations, large, high-vaulted mesocrane with big forehead and reduced face (Mixed Alpine) as in Hotu 3 at Jericho, Ofnet and Teviec in central and Western Europe. Mixed Alpine E1 has A3 form puffed-out and more paedomorhhic. E2 is Nordic Alphine and E3 is Mediterranean alpine. F) Long nose, big face, vaguely Neanderthaloid like forms like D or B, and comparatively short and high-vault (dinaroid, dinaric-mediterranean, as in central European Mesolithic at Hohlenstein and Kaufertsberg and much later in the near east, Angel 1951. Dinaric- mediterranean type F1 is the lighter more Mediterranean version found in lower Egypt or Anatolia. F2 is the broader bigger-faced more dinaroid version. F3 is the low-headed east Balkan version with some Iranian face features. F4 has a more Iranian face and short vault and little occipital bulge. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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