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West Africans discovered America before Columbus
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness: [qb] . Clyde all people in rural regions of Mexico cannot be assumed to be as mixed as average mexicans. [IMG]http://picturestack.com/522/565/KSSPicture4EbC.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://picturestack.com/695/953/ovGPicture15fP.png[/IMG] . [IMG]http://picturestack.com/695/953/rl5Picture3CMi.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.softseattravel.com/sitebuilder/images/Jalapa_Museum0001_38-266x401.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://picturestack.com/695/953/KmgPicture4kzK.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://picturestack.com/695/953/C88Picture5kCU.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://picturestack.com/695/953/MvWPicture798N.png[/IMG] _____________________^^^^^^^^CLYDE. QUESTION: WHO DO YOU GUESS THESE PEOPLE TO BE MIXED WITH AND IN WHAT APPROXIMATE PERCENTAGE? (I'm not talking about general population data for the whole country) And Clyde, why do some of them resemble Olmec sculpture? I'm not talking about people like Vicente Fox who have a lot of European blood [IMG]http://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/stltoday.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/1/2c/12c5ab4d-6d2f-5fcf-b833-77fafd3993af/4c2d14b2c4bd2.image.jpg[/IMG] Why are you bringing up blacks of Costa chica? During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Pedro de Alvarado conquered the area in 1522, founding the town of Acatlán the same year. In 1531, a Tlapanec uprising forced most of the residents to flee and during the rest of the 16th century much of the indigenous population disappeared due to disease, war and overwork.In Xochistlahuaca there were about 20,000 indigenous in 1522 but by 1582, there were only 200. The area became important starting in the 16th century for ranching, exporting meat, hides and wool. Soon after, the area became inhabited by Africans and Afro-Mexicans. During the colonial period, the Spanish brought about 20 million African slaves to Mexico over three centuries. Most landed in Veracruz. However, escaped slaves began to make their way to the then isolated Costa Chica region where they found refuge. Spanish landholders gave them protection in return for cheap labor, mostly tending cattle and curing leather. Over time, there was significant interracial mixing among Europeans, indigenous and Africans. There is very little social interaction between Blacks and indigenous people. Part of this is the issue of the language barrier, but I believe the issue is much more complex than that. There has been a long history of hostility between the two groups, and while today there is no open hostility, negative stereotypes abound on both parts. I would hope to explore these inter-ethnic relations further, and that would likely require my learning one of their languagesOne of the earliest Africans brought to Mexico is said to be Juan Garrido, a free man who probably took part in the “Conquest” led by Hernán Cortés in 1519. Another of these early arrivals was Estebanico, a slave who took part in various expeditions in the 1520s and 1530s, including treks through what is now Florida, Texas, and New Mexico. These early blacks (slave or free) were essentially personal servants of their Spanish masters. They were most likely taken from Africa, then transported to Seville, where they were Christianized and they probably spoke Spanish by the time they reached the New World. These slaves didn’t come over on slave ships as part of an overt slave trade. The slave trade that changed the demographic face of Mexico began when KIng Charles V (King Carlos V) (aka the Hapsburg that Marc and Mike love) began issuing more and more asientos, or contracts between the Crown and private slavers, in order to expedite the trans-atlantic trade. At this point, after 1519, the New World received bozales, or slaves brought directly from Africa without being Christianized. The Spanish Crown would issue these contracts to foreign slavers, who would then make deals with the Portuguese, for they controlled the slave posts on the West African coast. In addition, the Crown would grant slaving licenses to merchants, government officials, conquistadores, and settlers who requested the privilege of importing slaves to the Americas. Afro-Mexicans — both slave and free — participated in a various kinds of labor in Mexico. The majority worked in the silver mine centers and large numbers worked in urban centers largely as domestic workers (having a black servant or maid was quite the status symbol for elites). Also in urban centers, blacks – both slave and free — worked as artisans, peddlers, and craftsmen. Africans were also deployed to rural coastal areas, such as Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico, and what are now the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca on the Pacific Coast. Interestingly, free blacks also participated in large numbers in military service during the colonial period. In Veracruz, black slaves were used primarily in the labor-intensive sugar industry of Xalapa in the late 16th, and early and mid-17th century. In these sugar-processing mills, and cane fields, African slaves were imported specifically to replace Indian laborers. On the Pacific coastal plains, blacks worked mainly as ranchers and cowboys. Livestock was the primary economic activity of that region in the colonial period, and continues to be important to this day. So the point here is that historically Afro-Mexicans were found throughout the country, and not only in the coastal areas where their descendents live today. [/qb][/QUOTE]. Check out my videos on the Blacks of Costachicaos and their role in Mexican history http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqG6ser6I0A . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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