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'New' clues from thesis, including Nekht Ankh's Mtdna and yellow skin color in art
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [IMG]http://a2.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/390222_2803924296592_1213152640_3442454_510473637_n.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://static.flickr.com/4124/4978278296_b3031a5255.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://medias.photodeck.com/f70196ec-6208-11e0-a541-3d26e5f99a43/18012_06_AhfadStudents_large.jpg[/IMG] [/QUOTE]. African Population SNP admixture [IMG]http://picturestack.com/747/572/ljcPicture45SP.png[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE]HAS EVERY INDIVIDUAL BEEN TESTED? I DON'T THINK SO! IF SO. PROOOOOVE IT!!!LOOOL Endogamy and xenophobia play major contributions in the South. Something dorky white idiots like you don't understand. Try to understand what you speak of, before you propose your crappy theory. So explain to me, what is MIDDLE EASTERN???? Fact is, ancient Egyptians show to cluster closets with people from the South, who came from the Sahara/ Sahel. Arabs came from where?lol Let me repeat it again for you, dumbo! Variation in ancient Egyptian stature and body proportions Sonia R. Zakrzewski* American Journal of Physical Anthropology Volume 121, Issue 3, pages 219–229, July 2003 Stature and the pattern of body proportions were investigated in a series of six time-successive Egyptian populations in order to investigate the biological effects on human growth of the development and intensification of agriculture, and the formation of state-level social organization. Univariate analyses of variance were performed to assess differences between the sexes and among various time periods. Significant differences were found both in stature and in raw long bone length measurements between the early semipastoral population and the later intensive agricultural population. The size differences were greater in males than in females. This disparity is suggested to be due to greater male response to poor nutrition in the earlier populations, and with the increasing development of social hierarchy, males were being provisioned preferentially over females. [b]Little change in body shape was found through time, suggesting that all body segments were varying in size in response to environmental and social conditions. The change found in body plan is suggested to be the result of the later groups having a more tropical (Nilotic) form than the preceding populations.[/b] Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 132:501–509 (2007) Population Continuity or Population Change: Formation of the Ancient Egyptian State Sonia R. Zakrzewski* Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK The origins of the ancient Egyptian state and its formation have received much attention through analysis of mortuary contexts, skeletal material, and trade. Genetic diversity was analyzed by studying craniometric variation within a series of six time-successive Egyptian populations in order to investigate the evidence for migration over the period of the development of social hierarchy and the Egyptian state. Craniometric variation, based upon 16 measurements, was assessed through principal components analysis, discriminant function analysis, and Mahalanobis D2 matrix computation. Spatial and temporal relationships were assessed by Mantel and Partial Mantel tests. [b]The results indicate overall population continuity over the Predynastic and early Dynastic, and high levels of genetic heterogeneity, thereby suggesting that state formation occurred as a mainly indigenous process. [/b] Conclusions The analyses of the crania studied suggest that genetic continuity occurs over the Egyptian Predynastic and EDyn periods. The study also indicates that a relatively high level of genetic differentiation was sustained over this time period. [b]This evidence suggests that the process of state formation itself may have been mainly an indigenous process, but that it may have occurred in association with inmigration to the Abydos region of the Nile Valley. This potential inmigration may have occurred particularly during the EDyn and OK. [/b]A possible explanation is that the Egyptian state formed through increasing control of trade and raw materials, or due to military actions, potentially associated with the use of the Nile Valley as a corridor for prolonged small scale movements through the desert environment. Using Mahalanobis D2 values as a proxy for genetic or phenetic distance, significant genetic distances were found between time period groups and between cemetery groups. No conclusive linear relationship was found from any of the regressions of genetic distance on temporal distance (for the pooled time period groups), genetic distance on temporal distance (controlling for spatial distance), or genetic distance on spatial distance (controlling for time) for the cemetery groups. These results indicate that the biological patterning of the Egyptian population varied across time, but that no simple and consistent temporal or spatial trends could be discerned. The Badarian is shown to be a genetically homogeneous sample, characterized by short cranial vaults and significant subnasal prognathism. The homogeneity of the Badarian mirrors previous cranial (Stoessiger, 1927; Morant, 1935; Strouhal, 1971; Gaballah et al., 1972) and post- ranial studies (Zakrzewski, 2003). Due to their placement in all sectors of Figure 2, later groups are shown as being more phenotypically heterogeneous. Furthermore, as a result of its long broad vaults and broad faces, the EDyn sample appears morphologically distinct relative to EDyn sample appears morphologically distinct relative to the other temporal groups. Due to the relatively small sample sizes arising from the fragmentary nature of some of the crania and the lack of skeletal material that cross-cuts all social ranks within each time period, these results must remain provisional and indicative. Further research on recently excavated material, especially from the Delta area, is therefore required in order to further address the issues raised. http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/12075/1/2007_PopnContinuityChange_AJPA_132pp501-9.pdf [/QB][/QUOTE]
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