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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [IMG]http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/africa/morocco/map_of_morocco.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41977000/gif/_41977202_ceuta_melilla_map203.gif[/IMG] Ceuta is a [b]7.1 sq mi [/b]autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of Africa, sharing a western border with Morocco. Distance between Ceuta and Tarfaya in Southern Morocco 708 miles beginning with the Carthaginians in the 5th century BC, who called the city Abyla. It was not until the Romans took control of the region in AD 42 that the port city, then named Septa, assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. It changed hands again approximately 400 years later, when Vandal tribes ousted the Romans. It then fell into the hands of the Visigoths, and finally became an outpost of the Byzantine Empire. Around 710, as Muslim armies approached the city It's Byzantine governor, Julian (described as King of the Ghomara) changed his allegiance, and exhorted the Muslims to invade the Iberian Peninsula. Under the leadership of Berber General Tariq ibn Ziyad, the Muslims used Ceuta as a staging ground for an assault on Visigothic Iberian Peninsula. After Julian's death, the Berbers took direct control of the city, something that the indigenous Berber tribes resented. They destroyed Ceuta during the Kharijite rebellion led by Maysara al-Matghari in 740. Ceuta lay in ruins until it was resettled in the 9th century by Mājakas, chief of the Majkasa Berber tribe, who started the short-lived Banu Isam dynasty. His great-grandson would briefly ally his tribe with the Idrisids, but the Banu Isam rule ended in 931 when he abdicated in favor of the Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba, Abd ar-Rahman III. Ceuta reverted to Moorish Andalusian rule in 927, along with Melilla, and later Tangier, in 951. Chaos ensued with the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in 1031, but eventually Ceuta and the rest of Muslim Spain fell into the hands of successive North African dynasties. [IMG]http://www.infilled.net/Files/Roman%20Map-Orbis%20Terrarum,%2020%20A.D/Roman%20Map-Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Orbis%20Terrarum,%2020%20A.D..jpg[/IMG] Roman Map - Orbis Terrarum, 20 A.D. This is a reconstruction of a map of the Roman Empire, known as the Orbis Terrarum. Romans tended to care less about geographic accuracy and more about its political and military practicality when making maps, as can be seen here [IMG]http://mathildasdiary.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/herodotus-map.jpg[/IMG] map drawn by Herodotus, Africa is the bottom left triangularish portion depicted as part of Asia though the thin Red Sea is still showing [/QB][/QUOTE]
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