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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: Abrahimic religions actually slowed down progress with their backward thinking based on a fixed book writings. In Europe, Christians destroyed what Ancient Greeks particularly and Romans started[/QUOTE]It depends on what you mean by backward and slowing down progress. For example there are various polytheistic religions but they are not necessarily "progressive" or "not backward" Religious tolerance assume you have a state large enough to tolerate various relious practices with in it. The basic aspect of Abrahamic religion and Zorastrianism is montheism. African religions are widely varied. Some have a supreme creator god but the people more often interatct with other dieties who are part of the creator god's larger pantheon. The Christian church became an institution in Rome. Petrarch Triumph of Christianity by Tommaso Laureti (1530–1602), ceiling painting in the Sala di Constantino, Vatican Palace. Images like this one celebrate the triumph of Christianity over the paganism of Antiquity The idea of a Dark Age originated with Petrarch in the 1330s. Writing of those who had come before him, he said: "Amidst the errors there shone forth men of genius; no less keen were their eyes, although they were surrounded by darkness and dense gloom". Christian writers, including Petrarch himself, had long used traditional metaphors of "light versus darkness" to describe "good versus evil". Petrarch was the first to co-opt the metaphor and give it secular meaning by reversing its application. Classical Antiquity, so long considered the "dark" age for its lack of Christianity, was now seen by Petrarch as the age of "light" because of its cultural achievements, while Petrarch's time, allegedly lacking such cultural achievements, was seen as the age of darkness. As an Italian, Petrarch saw the Roman Empire and the classical period as expressions of Italian greatness. He spent much of his time travelling through Europe rediscovering and republishing classic Latin and Greek texts. He wanted to restore the classical Latin language to its former purity. Humanists saw the preceding 900-year period as a time of stagnation. They saw history unfolding, not along the religious outline of Saint Augustine's Six Ages of the World, but in cultural (or secular) terms through the progressive developments of classical ideals, literature, and art. Petrarch wrote that history had had two periods: the classic period of the Greeks and Romans, followed by a time of darkness, in which he saw himself as still living. In around 1343, in the conclusion to his epic [b]Africa,[/b] he wrote: "My fate is to live among varied and confusing storms. But for you perhaps, if as I hope and wish you will live long after me, there will follow a better age. This sleep of forgetfulness will not last for ever. When the darkness has been dispersed, our descendants can come again in the former pure radiance."In the 15th century, historians Leonardo Bruni and Flavio Biondo developed a three tier outline of history. They used Petrarch's two ages, plus a modern, "better age", which they believed the world had entered. The term "Middle Ages," in Latin media tempestas (1469) or medium aevum (1604), was later used to describe the period of supposed decline. [b] Arica is an epic poem in Latin hexameters by the 14th century Italian poet Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca). It tells the story of the Second Punic War, in which the Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy, but Roman forces were eventually victorious after an invasion of north Africa led by Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the epic poem's hero. [/b] ^^^^ so we see where the idea of dark ages came from. It came from an Italian who wrote a poem glorifying the decadent Roman Empire's imperial conquests in Africa. And as we know the Imperialism of the miltaristic ancient Rome was an inspiration for Hitler who imitated their acrhitecture and ornament. Petrarch was a devout Catholic. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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