...
Post A Reply
my profile
|
directory
login
|
register
|
search
|
faq
|
forum home
»
EgyptSearch Forums
»
Deshret
»
Stealing Africa
» Post A Reply
Post A Reply
Login Name:
Password:
Message Icon:
Message:
HTML is not enabled.
UBB Code™ is enabled.
[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Firewall: [qb] UNEP has developed a loan programme to stimulate renewable energy market forces with attractive return rates, buffer initial deployment costs and entice consumers to consider and purchase renewable technology. After a successful solar loan program sponsored by UNEP that helped 100,000 people finance solar power systems in developing countries like India,] UNEP started similar schemes in other parts of developing world like Africa - Tunisia, Morocco, Kenya projects are already functional and many projects in other African nations are in the pipeline. In Africa, UNEP assistance to Ghana, Kenya and Namibia has resulted in the adoption of draft National Climate Awareness Plans, publications in local languages, radio programmes and seminars.The Rural Energy Enterprise Development (REED) initiative is another flagship UNEP effort focused on enterprise development and seed financing for clean energy entrepreneurs in developing countries of West and Southern Africa. “I pay 30,000 kwacha [about $6.25] as a rental charge every month to NESCO,” Mr. Lungu told the Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), a humanitarian news agency. “For me, it works out cheaper to use solar because paraffin is more expensive, and even if electricity comes to Nyimba, not all the people will get connected.” No major marketing is needed to convince African citizens to turn to solar. The demand is high. NESCO says it has about 360 people on its waiting list. “We are struggling to satisfy demand,” confesses Mr. Stanislas Sankhani, the company’s project manager. With a concerted NEPAD effort Africans will, hopefully, not languish in line for much longer. Solar electricity, states the World Bank, is as good as an electricity grid for rural households since they do not consume much power. In a modest Nyimba office, 320 kilometres away from the Zambian capital’s grid, a sign confidently announces that the office is up to date: “Solar is good ... even in thatched houses; it will reach you wherever you are.” __________________________________________________________________- some more news The River Estate near Shamva, 70 kilometres from Zimbabwe’s capital, Harare, boasts one of the best solar-village models in the country. Fifty-two commercial farming families share systems; there is one system for every two houses. Each family has two lamps and a connection for a radio or small television set. The new lighting systems have improved the quality of life for the community. They have extended study hours for schoolchildren, reduced rural-to-urban migration in the area and upgraded health standards by electrifying a local health center. Innovative financing “With all their advantages, solar systems are not cheap to install,” says Mr. Jem Porcaro, an analyst for the Energy and Environment Group at UNDP. “A typical home system in sub-Saharan Africa costs anywhere between $500 and $1,000 and such systems typically provide enough power to light three to six rooms and power a black-and-white TV each night. But the cost is well beyond the means of most African households.” The use of innovative financing schemes, like fee-for-service arrangements, is one way to overcome these high up-front costs, notes Mr. Porcaro. Installing solar panels to power multiple houses at once can also cut down on costs. More households could afford solar power, argues the World Bank, if governments were to remove barriers, such as high import duties, that increase the cost of the panels. Regional cooperation to facilitate trade is another major NEPAD goal. African leaders are demonstrating commitment to bring solar power to rural homes. For example, a UNDP-GEF report on solar financing and delivery models notes that private sales, through dealers, initially dominated the market in South Africa, but that the government, a leading NEPAD proponent, later initiated a massive off-grid effort that is now fully active. Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and most countries in the region have developed solar markets, in many cases with special funds to support consumer credit. Boost to businesses Besides domestic use, people are harnessing solar power to run small businesses. Entrepreneur Abina Lungu operates a maize-grinding mill in Nyimba, eastern Zambia. With reliable solar energy, he can work well into the night to meet all his customers’ orders. His house, close to the mill, is also lit by solar power. Mr. Lungu is one of the many villagers serviced by the Nyimba Energy Service Company (NESCO), an enterprise funded by the Swedish International Development Agency. To get power into a home or shop, NESCO installs a system that includes a panel, battery, charge controller and power points. The cost is $33.33, including the contract fee. Thereafter, consumers pay a monthly rental fee. __________________________________________________________________________________ Renewable energy use Solar power Several large-scale solar power facilities are under development in Africa including projects in South Africa and Algeria. Although solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people, and has been used to generate power on a large scale in the U.S. and other developed nations, its greatest potential in Africa may be to provide power on a smaller scale and to use this energy to help with day to day needs such as small-scale electrification, desalination, water pumping, and water purification. The only example of a grid-linked solar power station in Africa is the photovoltaic 250 kW Kigali Solaire station in Rwanda. The Desertec project, backed by several European energy companies and banks, plans to generate renewable electricity in the Sahara desert and distribute it through a high-voltage grid for export to Europe and local consumption in North-Africa. Ambitions seek to provide continental Europe with up to 15% of its electricity. Power Up Gambia, a non-profit operating in The Gambia, uses solar power technology to provide power to Gambian health care facilities, providing a reliable source of electricity for lighting, diagnostic testing, treatments, and water pumping. Solar water pumping Kenya may be a good candidate for testing out these systems because of its progressive and relatively well-funded department of agriculture, including the Kenya Agricultural Research Center , which provides funding and oversight to many projects investigating experimental methods and technologies. Even though this solar technology may have a higher starting cost than that of conventional fossil fuel, the low maintenance and operation cost and the ability to operate without fuel makes the solar powered systems cheaper to keep running. A small rural community could use a system like this indefinitely, and it would provide clean drinking water at a negligible cost after the initial equipment purchase and setup. In a larger community, it could at least contribute to the water supply and reduce pressures of daily survival. This technology is capable of pumping hundreds of gallons of water per day, and is limited only by the amount of water available in the water table. With a minimum of training in operation and maintenance, solar powered water pumping and purification systems have the potential to help rural Africans fulfill one of their most basic needs for survival. Further field test are in progress by organizations like KARI and the many corporations that manufacture the products needed, and these small-scale applications of solar technology are promising. Combined with sustainable agricultural practices and conservation of natural resources, solar power is a prime candidate to bring the benefits of technology to the parched lands of Africa. Supplementing the well water would be collection of runoff rainwater during the rainy season for later use in drought. Southern Africa has its own network of information sharing called SEARNET [4] which informs farmers of techniques to catch and store rainwater, with some seeing increased yields and additional harvests. This new network of farmers sharing their ideas with each other has led to a spread of both new and old ideas, and this has led to greater sustainability of water resources in the countries of Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This water could be used for agriculture or livestock, or could be fed through a purifier to yield water suitable for human consumption. Examples A solar powered water pump and holding system was installed in Kayrati, Chad, in 2004 as compensation for land lost to oil development.[37] This system utilizes a standard well pump powered by a photovoltaic panel array. The pumped water is stored in a water tower, providing the pressure needed to deliver water to homes in the area. This use of oil revenue to build infrastructure is an example of using profits to advance the standard of living in rural areas. Hundreds of solar water pumping stations in Sudan fulfil a similar role, involving various applications of different systems for pumping and storage. Over the past 10 years approximately. 250 photovoltaic water pumps have been installed in Sudan. Considerable progress has been made and the present generation of systems appear to be reliable and cost–effective under certain conditions. A photovoltaic pumping system to pump 25 cubic metres per day requires a solar array of approx. 800 Wp. Such a pump would cost US$6000, since the total system comprises the cost of modules, pump, motor, pipework, wiring, control system and array support structure. PV water pumping has been promoted successfully in Kordofan state in Sudan. It shows favorable economics as compared to diesel pumps, and is free from the need to maintain a regular supply of fuel. The only maintenance problems with PV pumping [are] due to the breakdown of pumps and not the failure of the PV devices. The Solar Water Purifier, developed and manufactured by an Australian company, is a low-maintenance, low operational cost solution that is able to purify large amounts of water, even seawater, to levels better than human consumption standards set by the World Health Organization.[39] This device works through the processes of evaporation and UV radiation. Light passes through the top layer of glass to the black plastic layer underneath. Heat from the solar radiation is trapped by the water and by the black plastic. This plastic layer is a series of connected troughs that separate the water as it evaporates and trickles down through the levels. The water is also subjected to UV radiation for an extended period of time as it moves through the device, which kills many bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. In a sunny, equatorial area like much of Africa, this device is capable of purifying up to 45 litres per day from a single array. Additional arrays may be chained together for more capacity. The Water School uses SODIS Solar disinfection currently in target areas of Kenya and Uganda to help people drink water free of pathogens and disease causing bacteria. SODIS is a UV process that kills microorganisms in the water to prevent water borne disease. The science of the SODIS system is proven with over 20 years of research. Wind power The Koudia Al Baida Farm in Morocco, is the largest wind farm in the continent, currently two others big wind farms are under construction in Tangier and Tarfaya. There are also projects being planned in South Africa to implement the use of a wind farm, or large, commercial scale operations, the construction of these wind farms is being planned for west coast, north of Cape Town. In January 2009, the first wind turbine in West Africa was erected in Batokunku, a village in The Gambia. The 150 kilowatt turbine provides electrical power for the 2,000-person village. Geothermal power So far, only Kenya has exploited the geothermal potential of the Great Rift Valley.[14] Kenya has been estimated to contain 2000 MWe of potential geothermal energy[41] and has twenty potential drilling sites marked for survey in addition to three operational geothermal plants.[42] Kenya was the first country in Africa to adopt geothermal energy, in 1956, and houses the largest geothermal power plant on the continent, Olkaria II, operated by Kengen, who also operate Olkaria I. A further plant, Olkaria III, is privately owned and operated. Ethiopia is home to a single binary-cycle plant but does not utilize its full potential energy output for lack of experience in its operation. Zambia has several sites planned for construction but their projects have stalled due to lack of funds. Eritrea, Djibouti and Uganda have undertaken preliminary exploration for potential geothermal sources but have not constructed any type of power plant. Geothermal power has been used in agricultural projects in Africa. The Oserian flower farm in Kenya utilizes several steam wells abandoned by Kengen to power its greenhouse. In addition, the heat involved in the geothermal process is used to maintain stable greenhouse temperatures. The heat can also be utilized in cooking which would help eliminate the dependence on wood burning. _________________________________________________ other info- In Djabula – 50 miles south of Maputo – Mozambique’s National Electricity Fund established a photovoltaic standalone station providing electricity for 45 residencies, a primary school and a heath outpost. Legislators and politicians visited the project to see how projects like this could provide answers to many of the energy and climate change problems facing communities across Africa. “Feedback has been overwhelmingly positive,” Mr. Groening said, “and politicians are working on integrating schemes like this into their own national energy plans.” Small-scale projects like this are becoming more common in Africa. “The demand for our solar kits is huge,” said Katie Bliss of Solar Aid, a British organization that aims to bring clean, renewable power. “In Tanzania the price of kerosene, the main energy alternative, is rapidly increasing,” added Ms. Bliss, whose organization also has projects in the works in Zambia, Kenya and Malawi. “Our studies found that 20 percent of household income was being spent on fuel.” As with other solar products targeting communities, SolarAid does not give away its micro-solar kits. “It’s not a handout,” Ms. Bliss said. “We want to encourage a viable trade. Solar has a huge future here, and anyone we have trained with solar skills has a good chance of finding employment. We also encourage distributors to take solar products to rural villages.” Groups like Solar Aid provide solar power kits — which typically consist of locally sourced parts and simple construction — starting at about $20. But when scaled up, some community projects can challenge grid power. In an award-winning project in Remu, Ethiopia, the Swedish Solar Energy foundation supplied electricity to 10,000 people with an off-grid solar photovoltaic system charging less than $2 per person. other info Sierra Leone Forget the Grid. Can Solar Power Light Africa? http://blogs.forbes.com/helencoster/...-light-africa/ _____________________ solar-panels-turning-dirty-water-clean-in-angola http://www.africagoodnews.com/develo...in-angola.html namibia-boosts-power-supply-capacity http://www.africagoodnews.com/infras...-capacity.html ______________ working on sustainable cities in africa- http://africa.siemens.com/en/siemens...ble_cities.htm and _________________________________________________________ uganda http://sca21.wikia.com/wiki/Sseesamirembe_Eco-City _______________________________________ Hacienda Kenya- Africa's First Eco City, Low Cost Housing http://www.haciendakenya.com/ _____________________________________________________ MOMBASA | Hacienda Eco City | Under Construction http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=915968 ___________________________________________________________________- The Age of the Eco-City | We Blog The World Jan 4, 2011 ... Midrand in South Africa's Gauteng Province, has been working hard to turn the area into an EcoCity, which would incorporate state-of-the-art ... http://www.weblogtheworld.com/countr...-the-eco-city/ _____________________________________________________________ South Africa - Eco-City, an ecologically sustainable village in Johannesburg http://www.lafarge.com/wps/portal/2_...610621438/CSEN sustainable city in africa- or eco cities of africa http://sustainablecities.dk/en/city-...g-for-everyone _____________________________________________________ http://sustainablecities.net/project...rojects/durban ___________________________________________________________ Eco-city, Johannesburg https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q...U2PW15WS0SVqOQ ________________________________________________________________________________________ and EcoCity: Johannesburg, South Africa http://www.article13.com/A13_Content...tion&PNID=1120 ________________________________________- Ecocity 3: Yoff/Dakar, Senegal, 1996 http://www.ecocitybuilders.org/ecoci...dakar-senegal/ reforestation in the sahara http://news.nationalgeographic.com/n...sahara-forest/ ____________________________________________________________________________- nigeria- Tianjin Eco-city Vs Eco Atlantic City http://nidf.blogspot.com/2009/06/tia...ntic-city.html _____________________________________________ Reforestation in Sub-Sahara http://www.infospring.org/questions/...-in-sub-sahara _______________ Africa-leads-solar-powered-laptop-revolution http://www.africagoodnews.com/busine...evolution.html _____________ Largest Solar Park Being Built in South Africa http://www.africagoodnews.com/infras...th-africa.html [/qb][/QUOTE]These solar power projects are a perfect example of the gimmicks I am talking about. Sudan has the biggest hydroelectric power plant on earth and you mean to tell me that they need solar power? The problem is that the world bank and other globalist organizations create big power plants but NOT for providing electricity to Africans. Where do you think all these multinational mining companies with their huge mines and Oil operations get their power from? These power projects are explicitly designed ONLY to provide power to the foreign owned companies, mines, oil rigs and farming operations and NOT NOT NOT for Africans. What they will say if you read ANY of the large power plant projects is that they DONT HAVE FUNDING to expand the electrical grid. Or in other words, we don't have the money to provide electricity to the African people where the power plant is being built. But of course that power is going somewhere and that is to the foreigners businesses. And that is by design. Just like the fact that the BIGGEST consumer of power in South Africa is what? The mines. There is more than enough electricity to provide power to all the people in South Africa, but the mines get most of the power and of course the Africans don't own the mines and therefore don't get any benefit from the wealth that gets generated from those mines just like they don't get any benefit from the infrastructure, including the power industry. So stop kidding yourself if you believe these drop in the bucket projects represent "progress". They are simply the SAME people who built the power plants NOT to provide energy to the Africans, making themselves LOOK GOOD by creating these small scale projects to provide energy for ONE LIGHT and ONE CELL PHONE charger per house as if that is REALLY doing something.... [QUOTE] Mining sector to help grow southern Africa T&D market transmission_lines 22 March 2013 - The expansion of mines in southern African countries such as Namibia, Botswana and Zambia is set to trigger an increased need for electricity generation capacity. This, in turn, will fuel the development of the transmission and distribution (T&D) market in the region. New analysis from Frost & Sullivan finds that this T&D market in southern Africa covering Namibia, Botswana and Zambia including high voltage switchgear, high voltage cables and high voltage transformers earned revenues of US$327.4 million in 2012 and estimates this to reach US$393.4 million in 2016. 'The mining sector, the largest consumer of electricity in southern Africa, will catalyse the high voltage T&D market in the region,' Frost & Sullivan’s energy and environmental research analyst Muneera Salie, says. 'Mining is the most prominent driver of electricity demand and economic growth. Therefore, reliable power supply to this sector is crucial.' While the need for increased electricity generation is evident, the region is still unable to meet the current load demand. Plans to enhance power generation will therefore, necessarily, involve significant investments in generation and transmission infrastructure as well. 'The region has to focus on developing the interconnectivity between countries in the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). This will alleviate the struggle to meet an individual country’s load demand. The cost of imports is high, and countries need to ensure greater independence in terms of their power needs.' [b]African countries have a reputation of resisting the integration of independent power producers (IPPs). [/b] This perception is changing. 'The entry of IPPs into the market will help governments meet technical and financial challenges, assisting in the development of southern Africa,' Salie says. 'It has been proven that IPPs easily attract the funding required for projects and could support the region in the delivery of a more developed T&D network.'[/QUOTE] http://www.esi-africa.com/node/16114 Of course IPPs are independent because they don't HAVE to produce energy for African people to consume. [/QB][/QUOTE]
Instant Graemlins
Instant UBB Code™
What is UBB Code™?
Options
Disable Graemlins in this post.
*** Click here to review this topic. ***
Contact Us
|
EgyptSearch!
(c) 2015 EgyptSearch.com
Powered by UBB.classic™ 6.7.3