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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Firewall: [QB] Edited- Added info. Sudan and ethiopia do have J1 or J.that's the confusion. They have the subclade of J1,CALLED J1 AND those later subclades. J is only found or Haplogroup J-P209 is only found in the arabian peninsula and Socotra. Haplogroup J-P209 Ancestor IJ Descendants J-M267, J-M172 Defining mutations 12f2.1, L134, M304, P209, S6/L60, S34, S35 Haplogroup J-M267 In Genetic genealogy and human genetics, Y DNA haplogroup J-M267, also commonly known as Haplogroup J1 is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209, (commonly known as Haplogroup J) along with its sibling clade Y DNA haplogroup J-M172 (commonly known as Haplogroup J2). (All these haplogroups have had other historical names listed below.[Phylogenetics 1][Phylogenetics 2]) Men from this lineage share a common paternal ancestor, which is demonstrated and defined by the presence of the SNP mutation referred to as M267, which was announced in (Cinnioğlu 2004). This haplogroup is found today in significant frequencies in many areas in order near the Middle East, and parts of the Caucasus, Sudan and the Horn of Africa. It is also found in high frequencies in parts of North Africa and amongst Jewish groups, especially those with Cohen surnames. It can also be found much less commonly, but still occasionally in significant amounts, in Europe and as far east as Central Asia. Ancestor J-P209 Descendants J-M62, J-M365.1, J-L136, J-Z1828 Defining mutations M267, L255, L321, L765, L814, L827, L1030 Origins Since the discovery of haplogroup J-P209 it has generally been recognized that it shows signs of having originated in or near West Asia. The frequency and diversity of both its major branches, J-M267 and J-M172, in that region makes them candidates as genetic markers of the spread of farming technology during the Neolithic, which is proposed to have had a major impact upon human populations. J-M267 has several recognized subclades, some of which were recognized before J-M267 itself was recognized, for example J-M62 Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC" 2002. With one notable exception, J-P58, most of these are not common (Tofanelli 2009). Because of the dominance of J-P58 in J-M267 populations in many areas, discussion of J-M267's origins require a discussion of J-P58 at the same time. In molecular evolution, a haplogroup (from the Greek: ἁπλούς, haploûs, "onefold, single, simple") is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor having the same single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in all haplotypes. Haplogroup J-P209[Phylogenetics 1] is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Its history since the Iron Age has been tied to the great events and migrations in this area and in particular to the Semitic people. J-P209 is divided into two main subclades (branches) J-M267 and J-M172. Distribution Haplogroup J-P209 is found in greatest concentration in Southwestern Arabian Peninsula. Outside of this region, haplogroup J-P209 has a presence in North Africa. It also has a moderate presence in Southern Europe (especially in central and southern Italy, Malta, Greece, and Albania), Central Asia, and South Asia, particularly in the form of its subclade J-M172. Haplogroup J-P209 is also found in north East Africa, particularly in the form of its J-M267 subclade. The J-M410 subclade is found mostly in Greece, Anatolia, and southern Italy. In Northern India, 28.7% of the Shia Muslim among whom are the Sayyid population, belong to haplogroup J2. There are two J1'S. The second one is a subclade of the first. Subclades of the second J1. Arab dna in africa or arab admixture in africa info below. Distribution Africa North Africa received Semitic migrations, according to some studies it may have been diffused in recent time by Arabs who, mainly from the 7th century a.d., expanded to northern Africa (Arredi 2004 and Semino 2004). However the Canary islands is not known to have had any Semitic language. There J-M267 is dominated by J-P58, and dispersed in a very uneven manner according to studies so far, often but not always being lower among Berber and/or non-urban populations. In Ethiopia there are signs of older movements of J-M267 into Africa across the Red Sea, not only in the J-P58 form. This also appears to be associated with Semitic languages. According to a study in 2011, in Tunisia, J-M267 is significantly more abundant in the urban (31.3%) than in the rural total population (2.5%). According to the authors, these results could be explained by supposing that Arabization in Tunisia was a military enterprise, therefore, mainly driven by men that displaced native Berbers to geographically marginal areas but that frequently married Berber women (Ennafaa 2011). Arab dna/or admixture in africa. J1c3 "In North Africa,It spread to North Africa (as identified by the motif YCAIIa22-YCAIIb22; among Algerians 35.0%, Tunisians 31%), J1 first entered Ethiopia with the spread of Semitic speakers[citation needed] Eritrea (11%), Ethiopia (9%), Ethiopia-Amhara (33.3%). J1 also may be found with high frequency in the northern parts of Sudan (J-12f2(xJ2-M172): Arabs 45%, Nubians 41%, Copts 39%, Beja 36%), and present with lower frequency in the region of Darfur (J-12f2(xJ2-M172): Masalit 6%, Fur 6%). Haplogroup J1 may be found in as many as 20% of Egyptian males, with the frequency of this haplogroup tending to be comparatively high in the south of the country. In human genetics, Haplogroup J1c3 (P58) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of haplogroup J1c. It was known as J1e until February 2010, when a number of mutations were discovered in the J1 tree that made a change in nomenclature necessary. Origin A 2009 study concluded that the haplogroup had a more Northern origin than previously thought. According to this article, the origin of J1c3 is likely to have been in "a geographical zone, including northeast Syria, northern Iraq and eastern Turkey", spreading southward and towards the Mediterranean. Moreover, the network analysis of J1c3 haplotypes shows that some of the populations with low diversity, such as Bedouins from Israel, Qatar, Sudan and UAE, are tightly clustered near high-frequency haplotypes suggesting founder effects with "star burst" expansion in the Arabian Desert. The overall conclusion of the study was that that J1c3 spread with pastoral nomads who would migrate based on rainfall patterns from the Zagros and Taurus mountains to the Levant, with the first such migrations occurring during the neolithic period. The P58 marker which defines subgroup J1c3 was first identified by Karafet et al. in 2008. From early commercial testing, it appears that its associated Y-STR haplotype range spans many of the haplotypes associated with haplogroup J1, and that the majority of the members of haplogroup J1 will belong to this subgroup, with some smaller P58-negative groups. J1c3d The expansion of Haplogroup J1c3d is closely tied to the expansion of the Semitic languages, they themselves both linked to the expansion of herder–hunters moving into the arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula., which is both consistent with J1c3d's age estimate and its parent clade's place of highest diversity. Arabian Plate Haplogroup J1c3, defined by the P58 marker is most frequent in Yemen-Saudi (65%) It is also very common among other Arabs such as those of the Levant, i.e. Palestinian (38.5%), Syria (30%), Lebanon (25%). In Jewish populations, J1c3 constitutes 30% of the Yemenite Jews, 20.0% of Ashkenazi results, and 12% of Sephardi results. North Africa In North Africa, J1c3 first entered Ethiopia in the Neolithic and is common among Semitic speakers, with a frequency of 33.3% among Amharas in Semino et al. 2004. It spread later to North Africa in historic times (as identified by the motif YCAIIa22-YCAIIb22; Algerians 35.0%, Tunisians 31%), where it became something like a marker of the Arab expansion in the early medieval period. Haplogroup J1 may be found in as many as 20% of Egyptian males,[8] with the frequency of this haplogroup tending to be comparatively high in the south of the country. Arredi et al. report Haplogroup J, apart from Haplogroup J2, in 4 out of 44 men tested (9.1%) from a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Mansoura in northern Egypt, and 6/29 = 20.7% of a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Luxor in southern Egypt. Eurasian Plate The frequency of Haplogroup J1c3 collapses suddenly at the borders of Arabic speaking countries [citation needed] with mainly non-Arabic speaking countries, such as Iran (10.40%) and Turkey (9%). The distribution of J1 outside of the Middle East is associated with Middle Eastern traders of the Neolithic who settled in Europe. It is also seen in the Black sea region of Turkey as well as in Dagestan, Russia in the Caucasus. In a study of 259 men of minorities from Iran and Azerbaijan (Roewer2009), 17-marker STR haplotypes resembling those typical for J1c3 were found in Iranian Arabs at 23.9%, and 10.9% in nearby Bakhtiaris. North Talysh (now part of Azerbaijan) had an incidence of 16.3. 11.1% in South Talysh, 7.0% in Gilaki and 4.4% in Mazandarani. I MADE mistake before,it seem that some folks in northern sudan do have arab admixture and it was not J THAT enter sudan,it was J1 IN J1c3 SUBCLADE FORM. EARLY J HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH ARABS AND THE FIRST J1. Haplogroup J1c3 IS ARAB. Most nubians in sudan are still unmixed and most still do not have recent arab admixture from the info above plus 2% do have of later J2,but in egypt most do have arab admixture. Large number of arab sudanese do have recent arab admixture too and the beja. Haplogroup J1c3 is a later J1 SUBCLADE. The first one is black southwest asian in origin,the second J1 and later ONES are not. There two J1'S,THAT IS WHAT WE OR I was confused about. This J1 is really the arab-Haplogroup J1c3. Nubians (Agriculturists; n=39; Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic) 3/39 = 7.7% B-M60 - Nilotic 3/39 = 7.7% E1b1b-M215(xE1b1b1a-M7.8. North East Africa 5/39 = 12.8% E1b1b1a1-V12(xE1b1b1a1b-V32) North East Africa 1/39 = 2.6% E1b1b1a1b-V32 North East Africa 4/39 = 10.3% F-M89(xH1-M52, I-M170, J-12f2, K-M9) Western Asia Admixture but black in origin. 2/39 = 5.1% I-M170 - Near East Admixture from turks This is later subclade from.Is recent and came in with the turks 16/39 = 41.0% J-12f2(xJ2-M172) - Arabic Recent arab admixture 1/39 = 2.6% J2-M172 -Arabic Recent arab admixture 4/39 = 10.3% R1b1-P25 - Chadic Recent admixture but with other blacks from west africa,mostly like hausa. So about 46% of nile nubians have outside white admixture,if you add the other nubians in sudan that admixture goes down to around less the 20% or something like that. Half of the arabs in sudan would have admixture and half do not. More info about that below. Sudan; Nile Valley; Y-chromosome; haplogroups. quote- It seems that gene flow is not only recent (Holocene onward) but also largely of focal nature. Most speakers of Nilo-Saharan languages, the major linguistic family spoken in the country, show very little evidence of gene flow and demonstrate low migration rate, with exception of the Nubians, who appear to have sustained consider- able gene flow from Asia and Europe together with the Beja. Both Beja and Nubians lie at entering ports of the Sudan; the Beja in the Red Sea area where past and where recent settlements of both Turks and Arabs are evident, Arabs and Nubians occupy a strip along the Nile bordering bordering south of Egypt, where successive waves of migration and migration conquest of the Sudan have passed over the millennia the (MacMichael, 1967; Hassan, 1968). This is attested by the remarkable presence of the J-M172 chromosome known to be quite frequent in Turkey and the Levant, as known to be quite frequent in Turkey and the Levant, as logroup J-12f2 (Al-Zahery, 2003; Giacomo et al., 2004) and the bondage and genetic continuum of the Nubians with their kin in southern Egypt is indicated by compa- rable frequencies of E-V12 the predominant M78 sub-clade among southern Egyptians (Cruciani et al., 2007).The group that displayed the highest population size in fact was the Gaalien from central Sudan. This group occupies a trading crossroad that extends back to the an-cient Kingdom of Meroe. The Gaalien exhibits a Y-profile that gives insight into past and recent migrations to the Sudan. Interestingly, they still maintain low frequencies of haplogroup A-M13 and E-M78, which suggests older rooting and relates them to other neighboring popula-tions. Considerable frequencies of Eurasian haplogroups including J-12f2 are also present, consistent with a more recent Arabic oral tradition and descent.Among other groups with a relatively large population size are the Hausa and Copts. Hausa display elevated frequencies of the haplogroup R-P25, which is considered as an evidence for back migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa (Cruciani et al., 2002), although a recent study questions the reliability of this marker being used in singularity (Adams et al., 2006). Other groups with varying frequencies of this haplogroup, like the Borgu and Nubians, appear to have acquired it from Afro-Asi-atic speaking groups through gene flow. We have recently shown that this haplogroup is strongly associ-ated with the sickle cell gene. Both markers might have co-introgressed during the past 300 years to eastern Sahel (Bereir et al., 2007). Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History Hisham Y. Hassan,1 Peter A. Underhill,2 Luca L. Cavalli-Sforza,2 and Muntaser E. Ibrahim1* 1Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan 2Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Sudan; Nile Valley; Y-chromosome; haplogroups [/QB][/QUOTE]
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