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What is a true "Arab" ?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [qb] 7.1. Black God of Ancient Arabia and Israel In 1985, German scholar Werner Daum published an important monograph, Ursemitische Religion ("Proto-Semitic Religion").[1] By a close study of ancient South Arabian inscriptions and modern Yemeni folktales and ritual practices, Daum was able to produce a convincing reconstruction of proto-Semitic Religion, or at least important aspects thereof. The proto-Semites are believed to have been the original speakers of that language (Proto-Semitic) from which the various Semitic languages derived (Arabic, Hebrew, Ugaritic, Akkadian, etc.). It has been suggested that they originated in the areas round the northern frontier of Syria,[2] and began diverging probably around 5000 B.C.E. As these Proto-Semites will eventually evolve into the Semites (Arabs, Hebrews, Canaanites, Akkadians, etc.), proto-Semitic religion will make an important contribution to the development of the Semitic religious tradition, even the Semitic monotheistic traditions (i.e. the so-called 'Religions of the Book'- Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). Daum suggests that our best evidence for reconstructing the 'Ursemitische Religion' comes from southern Arabia.[3] The most important observation for our purposes is that, according to Daum's reconstruction, the high god of the proto-Semites was a black storm deity, rain being most valued in this part of the world, called "Il/"El/"Al. Now "l is the general appellative meaning 'god' and proper divine name in all the major branches of the Semitic family of languages[4]; from it derived the Hebrew "ÀlÙah thus the biblical "ÀlÙhîm, God")[5] and Arabic il§h (thus the qur"§nic aÏϧh, "God").[6] This ancient proto-Semitic deity was depicted as an old, bearded man and associated with the black rain cloud, black bovine* (ibex, bull, buffalo) and occasionally the black ostrich. These, Daum tells us, "symbolisiert den dunklen "Il (‚symbolized the dark "Il')."[7] In the ancient Near Eastern and India the black rain-cloud symbolized the god's black body[8] and the hide of the black bull signifies the skin of the black god.[9] The British historian Julian Baldick followed up and expanded upon Daum's research with Black God: The Afroasiatic Roots of the Jewish, Christian and Muslim Religions.[10] Baldick's research suggested that, just as there is an 'Afroasiatic' language group indigenous to North Africa and Arabia (consisting of the Semitic languages, the ancient Egyptian language, Berber, Hausa, and the Kushitic and Omotic languages of the Horn of Africa) there is likewise an 'Afroasiatic' religious tradition indigenous to the same area and peculiar to the same groups. This 'Afroasiatic' religious tradition is characterized by a dualistic logic which emphasizes the male-female dichotomy and by a divine triad consisting of a Black storm god, a goddess, and a young hero god. Baldick notes: 'Afroasiatic' logic is in my view particularly dualistic and based on the opposition between male and female…(T)his logic is particularly directed towards obtaining water, and operates by combining a male storm-god, black and violent, with a female deity of the sun, white and vulnerable.[11] [/QUOTE][IMG]http://ia600806.us.archive.org/zipview.php?zip=/16/items/olcovers206/olcovers206-L.zip&file=2064611-L.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE]I somewhat disagree with Baldicks assessment. For one thing it wasn't a duality but a complementary system between male and female and the color black did not always conform to a male deity anymore than 'white' conformed to a female one. As far as black representing a raincloud or storm we don't know. However, the belief in a black colored god is not confined to Afrasian speakers alone. Many Nilo-Saharan speakers especially Nilotic peoples believe in a supreme divinity colored black as well, for example the god L'ngai of the Maasai is said to be black in color and is associated with storm clouds. However the Egyptians depicted a number of divinities as black though apparently having nothing to do with rain or storms. Both Ausar (Osiris) and Aset (Isis) were at times described as 'black face' and there are bull deities like Menwer and Hep who are black in color although their mother the cow Heshat was white she probably represented the bright day sky as opposed to the sun. [/qb][/QUOTE]Osiris or Ausar was called black face because he was an ancient Egyptian or Nilotic ancestor. For African people Gods were considered ancestors. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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