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The eastern Sahara of Egypt, Sudan and Libya – also called the 'Libyan Desert'– constitutes the most arid part of the entire Sahara, with almost no rainfall and thus a lack of any human occupation. For this reason, and because the climate regime is not influenced by higher topographic features, this region provides a unique study area for the relationship between changing climates and human occupation, using Man as a sensitive indicator of past living conditions. In a synoptic view based on some 500 radiocarbon dates, the Holocene human occupation of the eastern Sahara is presented here in four major time slices. To cite this article: R. Kuper, C. R. Palevol 5 (2006).

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These first Neolithic groups, starting with fully developed agriculture in Fayum and Merimde around 5000 BC, with regard to their economic base (e.g., the old world cereals wheat and barley) are clearly rooted in the Near-Eastern Neolithic. On the other hand, however, alongside with the above-mentioned elements of stone technology, essential aspects of their social and cognitive world might be traced back to western origins. This concerns especially the role of Saharan cattle herders and their spiritual heritage in the Neolithic of the Nile valley.

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all available evidence shows that the Pharaonic expeditions may not be regarded as keen advances into the unknown, but that the development of the oldest Saharan caravan traffic was the result of a gradual adaptation to the changing environment. It only could be successful being based on a profound knowledge of the area, especially of its water resources. This apparently was rooted in the formerly broad contacts all over the Neolithic Sahara savannah, which continuously have been reduced to only a few linear, but never interrupted lines of communication.

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Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova:
Where is this map from Patrol?

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Originally posted by Sundjata:
It's becoming much more clear how the Egyptians so easily traversed the desert routes to reach their intended destinations, more famously documented in their expedition/s to Yam.

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These first Neolithic groups, starting with fully developed agriculture in Fayum and Merimde around 5000 BC, with regard to their economic base (e.g., the old world cereals wheat and barley) are clearly rooted in the Near-Eastern Neolithic. On the other hand, however, alongside with the above-mentioned elements of stone technology, essential aspects of their social and cognitive world might be traced back to western origins. This concerns especially the role of Saharan cattle herders and their spiritual heritage in the Neolithic of the Nile valley.

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all available evidence shows that the Pharaonic expeditions may not be regarded as keen advances into the unknown, but that the development of the oldest Saharan caravan traffic was the result of a gradual adaptation to the changing environment. It only could be successful being based on a profound knowledge of the area, especially of its water resources. This apparently was rooted in the formerly broad contacts all over the Neolithic Sahara savannah, which continuously have been reduced to only a few linear, but never interrupted lines of communication.

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