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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mena7: [QB] [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Musee_national_-_alexandrie_akhenaton.JPG/640px-Musee_national_-_alexandrie_akhenaton.JPG[/IMG] Pharaoh Akhenaton [IMG]http://www.aton-ra.com/egitto/cache/multithumb_thumbs/b_1024_768_0_10_images_stories_amarna_akhenaton.jpg[/IMG] Pharaoh Akhenaton [IMG]http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IrPRfpdOFPw/UhgW-XUC1iI/AAAAAAAAEzo/LrhaIWGUrqI/s1600/akhenaton-2.jpg[/IMG] Pharaoh Akhenaton [IMG]http://jfbradu.free.fr/egypte/LE%20PHARAON/AKHENATON/akhenaton-statut.jpg[/IMG] Pharaoh Akhenaton [IMG]http://hans.wyrdweb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/akhenaton.jpg[/IMG] Pharaoh Akhenaton Akhenaten (/ˌækəˈnɑːtən/;[1] also spelled Echnaton,[7] Akhenaton,[8] Ikhnaton,[9] and Khuenaten;[10][11] meaning "Effective for Aten") known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV (sometimes given its Greek form, Amenophis IV, and meaning Amun is Satisfied), was a pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC. He is especially noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on the Aten, which is sometimes described as monotheistic or henotheistic. An early inscription likens the Aten to the sun as compared to stars, and later official language avoids calling the Aten a god, giving the solar deity a status above mere gods. Akhenaten tried to bring about a departure from traditional religion, yet in the end it would not be accepted. After his death, traditional religious practice was gradually restored, and when some dozen years later rulers without clear rights of succession from the Eighteenth Dynasty founded a new dynasty, they discredited Akhenaten and his immediate successors, referring to Akhenaten himself as "the enemy" in archival records.[12] He was all but lost from history until the discovery, in the 19th century, of Amarna, the site of Akhetaten, the city he built for the Aten. Early excavations at Amarna by Flinders Petrie sparked interest in the enigmatic pharaoh, whose tomb was unearthed in 1907 in a dig led by Edward R. Ayrton. Interest in Akhenaten increased with the discovery in the Valley of the Kings, at Luxor, of the tomb of King Tutankhamun, who has been proved to be Akhenaten's son according to DNA testing in 2010.[13] A mummy found in KV55 in 1907 has been identified as that of Akhenaten. This man and Tutankhamun are related without question,[14] but the identification of the KV55 mummy as Akhenaten has been questioned.[6][15][16][17][18] Modern interest in Akhenaten and his queen, Nefertiti, comes partly from his connection with Tutankhamun, partly from the unique style and high quality of the pictorial arts he patronized, and partly from ongoing interest in the religion he attempted to establish Akhenaten and Judeo-Christian-Islamic monotheism[edit] The idea of Akhenaten as the pioneer of a monotheistic religion that later became Judaism has been considered by various scholars.[56][57][58][59][60][61] One of the first to mention this was Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in his book Moses and Monotheism.[62] Freud argued that Moses had been an Atenist priest forced to leave Egypt with his followers after Akhenaten's death. Freud argued that Akhenaten was striving to promote monotheism, something that the biblical Moses was able to achieve.[56] Following his book, the concept entered popular consciousness and serious research.[63] Other scholars and mainstream Egyptologists point out that there are direct connections between early Judaism and other Semitic religious traditions.[64] They also state that two of the three principal Judaic terms for God, Yahweh, Elohim (morphologically plural, lit. "gods"), and Adonai (lit. "my lord" ) have a connection to Aten. Freud commented on the connection between Adonai, the Egyptian Aten and the Syrian divine name of Adonis as a primeval unity of language between the factions;[56] in this he was following the argument of Egyptologist Arthur Weigall. Jan Assmann's opinion is that 'Aten' and 'Adonai' are not linguistically related.[65] Although there are similarities between Akhenaten monotheistic experiment and the biblical story of Moses[66] that have been explored in mainstream culture they include, the idea that Akhenaten is the real character for the mythical Moses,[66] Ahmarna the place as a literary misinterpretation of God raining an unknown fruit called manna while the Jews were wandering in the desert[66] and the concept of a deity directing a group to a promised place which is the main theme in both stories.[66] Ahmed Osman has claimed that Akhenaten's maternal grandfather Yuya was the same person as the Biblical Joseph. Yuya held the title "Overseer of the Cattle of Min at Akhmin" during his life.[67] He likely belonged to the local nobility of Akhmim. Egyptologists hold this view because Yuya had strong connections to the city of Akhmim in Upper Egypt. This makes it unlikely that he was a foreigner since most Asiatic settlers tended to cloister around the Nile Delta region of Lower Egypt.[68][69] Some Egyptologists,[70] however, give him a Mitannian origin. It is widely accepted that there are strong similarities between Akhenaten's Great Hymn to the Aten and the Biblical Psalm 104, though this form is found widespread in ancient Near Eastern hymnology both before and after the period[citation needed] and whether this implies a direct influence or a common literary convention remains in dispute [/QB][/QUOTE]
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