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[QUOTE]Originally posted by mena7: [QB] Fayum Portraits Mena: Out of 900 Fayum portraits only 200 are exposed in museums around the world. Most of the Fayum portraits in museum are the portraits of mulato Romans. I think hundred of Fayum portraits not shown are the portraits of black Romans. [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fayum-06.jpg/320px-Fayum-06.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fayum-17.jpg/320px-Fayum-17.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EncausticPortraitWoman.jpg/800px-EncausticPortraitWoman.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Fayum-70.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Funerary_Portrait_of_a_Man%2C_about_138-192_AD%2C_Roman_Empire%2C_Antonine%2C_encaustic_on_linen_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08656.JPG/800px-Funerary_Portrait_of_a_Man%2C_about_138-192_AD%2C_Roman_Empire%2C_Antonine%2C_encaustic_on_linen_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08656.JPG[/IMG] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Funeral_portrait_of_a_man_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/800px-Funeral_portrait_of_a_man_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fayum-80.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Fayum-78.jpg[/IMG] Mummy portraits or Fayum mummy portraits (also Faiyum mummy portraits) is the modern term given to a type of naturalistic painted portraits on wooden boards attached to mummies from the Coptic period. They belong to the tradition of panel painting, one of the most highly regarded forms of art in the Classical world. In fact, the Fayum portraits are the only large body of art from that tradition to have survived. Mummy portraits have been found across Egypt, but are most common in the Faiyum Basin, particularly from Hawara and Antinoopolis, hence the common name. "Faiyum Portraits" is generally thought of as a stylistic, rather than a geographic, description. While painted Cartonnage mummy cases date back to pharaonic times, the Faiyum mummy portraits were an innovation dating to the Coptic period on time of the Roman occupation of Egypt.[1] They date to the Roman period, from the late 1st century BCE or the early 1st century CE onwards. It is not clear when their production ended, but recent research suggests the middle of the 3rd century. They are among the largest groups among the very few survivors of the highly prestigious panel painting tradition of the classical world, which was continued into Byzantine and Western traditions in the post-classical world, including the local tradition of Coptic iconography in Egypt. The portraits covered the faces of bodies that were mummified for burial. Extant examples indicate that they were mounted into the bands of cloth that were used to wrap the bodies. Almost all have now been detached from the mummies.[2] They usually depict a single person, showing the head, or head and upper chest, viewed frontally. In terms of artistic tradition, the images clearly derive more from Graeco-Roman traditions than Egyptian ones.[3] Two groups of portraits can be distinguished by technique: one of encaustic (wax) paintings, the other in tempera. The former are usually of higher quality. About 900 mummy portraits are known at present.[4] The majority were found in the necropoleis of Faiyum. Due to the hot dry Egyptian climate, the paintings are frequently very well preserved, often retaining their brilliant colours seemingly unfaded by time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayum_mummy_portraits The Oldest Modernist Paintings Two thousand years before Picasso, artists in Egypt painted some of the most arresting portraits in the history of art image: http://thumbs.media.smithsonianmag.com//filer/Ancient-Art-Fayum-portraits-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop.jpg Ancient art portraits Today, nearly 1,000 Fayum paintings exist in collections in Egypt and at the Louvre, the British and Petrie museums in London, the Metropolitan and Brooklyn museums, the Getty in California and elsewhere. (Gift of Edward S. Harkness, 1918 / Metropolitan Museum of Art; © The Trustees of The British Museum; © The Trustees of The British Museum / Art Resource, NY) By Smithsonian Magazine SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE | SUBSCRIBE FEBRUARY 2012 287 12 3 671 93 4 1.7K 287 12 671 93 3 1.7K Between 1887 and 1889, the British archaeologist W.M. Flinders Petrie turned his attention to the Fayum, a sprawling oasis region 150 miles south of Alexandria. Excavating a vast cemetery from the first and second centuries A.D., when imperial Rome ruled Egypt, he found scores of exquisite portraits executed on wood panels by anonymous artists, each one associated with a mummified body. Petrie eventually uncovered 150. FROM THIS STORY image: http://thumbs.media.smithsonianmag.com//filer/Ancient-Art-Fayum-180-211-1.jpg__220x130_q85_crop_upscale.jpg PHOTO GALLERY The images seem to allow us to gaze directly into the ancient world. “The Fayum portraits have an almost disturbing lifelike quality and intensity,” says Euphrosyne Doxiadis, an artist who lives in Athens and Paris and is the author of The Mysterious Fayum Portraits. “The illusion, when standing in front of them, is that of coming face to face with someone one has to answer to—someone real.” By now, nearly 1,000 Fayum paintings exist in collections in Egypt and at the Louvre, the British and Petrie museums in London, the Metropolitan and Brooklyn museums, the Getty in California and elsewhere. Advertisement Advertisement For decades, the portraits lingered in a sort of classification limbo, considered Egyptian by Greco-Roman scholars and Greco-Roman by Egyptians. But scholars increasingly appreciate the startlingly penetrating works, and are even studying them with noninvasive high-tech tools. At the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek museum in Copenhagen, scientists recently used luminescence digital imaging to analyze one portrait of a woman. They documented extensive use of Egyptian blue, a copper-containing synthetic pigment, around the eyes, nose and mouth, perhaps to create shading, and mixed with red elsewhere on the skin, perhaps to enhance the illusion of flesh. “The effect of realism is crucial,” says the museum’s Rikke Therkildsen. Stephen Quirke, an Egyptologist at the Petrie museum and a contributor to the museum’s 2007 catalog Living Images, says the Fayum paintings may be equated with those of an old master—only they’re about 1,500 years older. Doxiadis has a similar view, saying the works’ artistic merit suggests that “the greats of the Renaissance and post-Renaissance, such as Titian and Rembrandt, had great predecessors in the ancient world.” http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-oldest-modernist-paintings-20169750/ [/QB][/QUOTE]
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