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Amur questioning Richard Neave's First European reconstruction
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol aka Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Amur: [qb] Upper Paleolithic Europeans were "White", just like how UP Chinese were "Mongoloid". I don't see why this is even disputed. At that time there was a generalized "Black" or "Africoid" in Africa, but yes there was obviously gene flow going on. [/qb][/QUOTE]The first European: Created from fragments of fossil, the face of our forbears 35,000 years ago [QUOTE] His recreation offers a tantalising glimpse into life before the dawn of civilisation. It also shows the close links between the first European settlers and their immediate African ancestors. [/QUOTE]Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1177123/The-European-Created-fragments-fossil-face-forbears-35-000-years-ago.html#ixzz2khrfdRmN [QUOTE] "...the Cro-Magnons, the presumed ancestors of modern Europeans....were more like present-day Australians or Africans..." [/QUOTE]--Chris Stringer, African Exodus ((Michael Witzel, The Origins of the World's Mythologies) 2013) [URL=http://tinyurl.com/na595yr]Oxford University Press[/URL] [QUOTE]Today, most paleoanthropologists agree that the Cro-Magnons came from Africa (5). [/QUOTE]--Stringer, C. B.(2003) Nature 423 , 692–695. pmid:12802315 http://www.pnas.org/content/101/16/5705.full [QUOTE]"The so-called Old Man [Cro-Magnon 1] became the original model for what was once termed the Cro-Magnon or Upper Paleolithic "race" of Europe.. there's no such valid biological category, and Cro-Magnon 1 is not typical of Upper Paleolithic western Europeans- and not even all that similar to the other two make skulls found at the site. Most of the genetic evidence, as well as the newest fossil evidence from Africa argue against continuous local evolution producing modern groups directly from any Eurasian pre-modern population.. there's no longer much debate that a large genetic contribution from migrating early modern Africans infuenced other groups throughout the Old World.“ [/QUOTE]--B. Lewis et al. 2008. Understanding Humans: Introduction to Physical [QUOTE] If this analysis shows nothing else, it demonstrates that the oft-repeated European feeling that the Cro-Magnons are “us” (47) is more a product of anthropological folklore than the result of the metric data available from the skeletal remains. [/QUOTE]--C. Loring Brace(2006) The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form [QUOTE] It has been proposed that heat adapted, relatively long-legged Homo sapiens from Africa replaced the cold adapted, relatively short-legged Homo neandertalensis of the Levant and Europe [/QUOTE]--J Hum Evol 32 (1997a) 423], Bogin B, Rios L. et al. [QUOTE] The subsequent post-28,000-B.P. Gravettian human sample of Europe includes numerous associated skeletons (Table 2) (Zilhão & Trinkaus 2002). Most of these specimens are fully modern in their morphology, and there is a persistence in them of both linear (equatorial) limb proportions and more "African" nasal morphology (Trinkaus 1981, Holliday 1997, Franciscus 2003). However, one Iberian specimen (Lagar Velho 1) exhibits Neandertal limb segment proportions and a series of relatively archaic cranial and postcranial features (Trinkaus & Zilhão 2002). In addition, central incisor shoveling, ubiquitous among the Neandertals, absent in the Qafzeh-Skhul sample, and variably present in the earlier European sample, persists at modest frequencies. And scapular axillary border dorsal sulci, an apparently Neandertal feature also absent in the Qafzeh-Skhul sample, is present [/QUOTE]--Trinkaus 2005 [QUOTE] "Nor does the picture get any clearer when we move on to the Cro-Magnons, the presumed ancestors of modern Europeans. Some looked more like present-day Australians or Africans, judged by OBJECTIVE anatomical categorizations, as is the case with some early modern skulls from the Upper Cave at Zhoukoudian in China." [/QUOTE]-- Am J Phys Anthropol. 1975 May;42(3):351-69, [QUOTE]In modern humans, this elongation is a pattern characteristic of warm-adapted populations, and this physique may be an early Cro-Magnon retention from African ancestors. Similar retentions may be observed in certain indices of facial shape [ ...] [/QUOTE]--Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory: Second Edition by Eric Delson [QUOTE]"others like Predomost and to a lesser degree Grimaldi and Teviec, are more prognathic like Skhul 5." [/QUOTE]--Marta Mirazón Lahr. 2005. The Evolution of Modern Human Diversity: Detailed information on metrics : [IMG]http://books.google.nl/books?id=vfpYrleTsMcC&hl=nl&pg=PA241&img=1&pgis=1&dq=Grimaldi&sig=ACfU3U0YQOY16o8oOVQyGG9ScoJHtW1sWQ&edge=0[/IMG] [URL=http://tinyurl.com/pax6b6m]The Evolution of Modern Human Diversity: A Study of Cranial Variation[/URL] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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