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CLYDE,EASTER ISLAND SETSWANA AFFINITIES?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] Using language to identify past populations and groups is not a waste of time. For example, the Greco-Romans make it clear that the Kushites and Egyptians were Blacks through the terms they used to name these populations. Also, there is frequent mention of the Garamantes of the Fezzan, in the Classical literature of Greece and Rome. The Garamantes were recognized as a Black tribe. They were known to the Greeks and Romans as dark skinned. In Ptolemy (I.8.5.,p.31) a Garamante slave was described as having a body the color of pitch or wholly black. Linguist have used linguistics for years to identify ethnicities. Granted you can tell the identity of a people simply by the language they speak, but the terms used to classify and identity particular populations and tribes can help you identify nationalities and races The Chinese language and literature allows us to recognize Blacks founded Chinese civilization. These Blacks in the Chinese record were referred to as[b] xuan, li, qing, and Xi[/b], all of these words meant Black. Finally, the Chinese classics make it clear that the Min Li, meant "Black people" not young Chinese or peasant Chinese. James Legge's, The Chinese Classics (London, 1865) supports this view. In reading Legge's translation of the [b]"Shu King"[/b], we read that "In the [b]Canon of Yao[/b], we discover that Yu "…regulated and polished the people of his domain, who all became brightly intelligent. Finally, he united and harmonized the myriad States of the empire; and lo! The black people were transformed" (Legge, 1865, p.17). In this passage "min li is used to describe all the people in the Empire, not just the peasants or the young people. In Book II, Chapter It was written that Kao yao "…with vigorous activity sowing abroad his virtue, which has descended on the black people, till they cherish him in their hearts" (Legge, 1865, pp.55-58). Again the term[b] li min[/b]was applied to the people of the empire and not just a particular group. Europeans like to add ‘hair ‘ to, li and translate ‘li min’, as ‘black haired people’, but the term simply means ‘black’(li). The term [b]li min[/b] means "black people". The term for peasant had nothing to do with [b]li min[/b]. The term for peasant comes from the[b] tsung-jen[/b] character which is formed by a group of three men usually placed under a sun, signifying that they are working on the farm in the sun. In later periods many Chinese writers began to called the [i]tsung-jen[/i] character [b]li min[/b], so as to associate this sign with the ancient designation of the Shang and Xia people who were "black or Oceanic/African people", not yellow people "browned by the sun". There is mention of the Xuan "Black" rulers of Shang . The founder of the Shang Dynasty, he was called Xuan Wang "Dark King". There is also mention of another Shang leader called xuan mu "Black Oxen". Some people try to claim that the Xia and Shang mention of serpents, black bird etc., was meant to relate to sunspots. This is wrong. The Xia and Shang belonged to totemic groups which associated different animals with particular clans, especially the serpent/ dragon clan of the Xia and the bird clan of the [b]Qiang-Shang [/b](First Shang Dynasty). It is interesting to note that at the Xia site of Taosi, archaeologist have found numerous painted dragons on the pottery plates. The dragon motif at Taosi may have been the totem of the Xia people at Taosi. This would correspond to Chinese legends of the Long (Dragon) Tribe, Huan Long (Dragon Breeding) Clan and the Yu Long (Defend the Dragon) Clan. The dragon legends are associated with the Chinese sages Yan, Yao, Shun and Yu the Great. According to Chinese traditions the banner of Yu the Great, was emblazoned with a dragon. Chunqui kong yan tu, it is reported that Confucius was born at Hollow Mulberry subsequent to his mother dreaming of Xuan Di the "Black Emperor". In summary, the Chinese language as proven by the recording of the Chinese language by Westerners and The Book of Odes, suggest that the pronunciation of Chinese has changed over the years. In summary, terms of a language(s) can provide ethnicity related information. The Chinese (Hua/Han) tribes recognized that the Xia and Shang were of a different race. Thus they referred to these people as Blacks and the Xia and Shang called themselves ‘Black’ to differentiate themselves from the other nationalities living in China when they arrived on the scene. . [QUOTE]Originally posted by Mike111: [qb] [b]List of countries by English-speaking population[/b] Predictably this list tells you nothing about what the people "LOOK LIKE" or what their Culture is or was, it simply tells you that they come into the SPHERE of the English. BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY - THIS "ONLY" REFLECTS THE LAST 1,000 YEARS OR SO. BEFORE THAT, THE ENGLISH "WEREN'T" EVEN THE ENGLISH. Point being, trying to track language "WITH" ethnicity over thousands of years, is waste of time. As we can easily see with English, just tracking it over hundreds of years is a failure. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_population [/qb][/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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