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Dr. Clyde Winters : The Decipherment of the Olmec Writing System
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Dead: [qb] Clyde you're an idiot who doesn't understand Wiercinski, or the Polish typological data. I have translated Michalski and Wiercinski's papers, and first posted Michalski's typology online in 2012. This includes 64+ of his "types". Weircinski never wrote that there were African Olmec skeletons. You're a liar. And as I explained the "race types" of the Polish typology were not biological. "Every human population is composed of a number of racial elements and combinations of these, or mixed types. A single population may consist of different types, and a single type may occur in different populations. Hence, [b]it is possible to establish the racial affinities of individuals, independent of their ethnic origins[/b]." (Wiercinski et al., 1962) According to Wiercinski, a "race type" denotes a static phenotypically similar group of individuals, regardless of their ethnic origin/ancestry. This is why a commentator in the above cited article pointed out that Wiercinski's "race types" could have come from the planet Mars. "Once he has his types he is stuck with them [...] a population [that] is divided into Negritid, Mongolid, and Europid types [...] [b]even if the population came from Mars![/b]". So Wiercinski's "black race types" are not Africans. You could be Mexican, an Eskimo, or Scandinavian, yet be labelled either a "type" within the "black variety", "yellow variety" or "white variety" according to the Polish typologists. Needless to say this typology junk was thrown out of science ages ago. But the Polish scientists were a bit backward and continued this stuff into the 80s. [/qb][/QUOTE]The only idiots are you and your mama. You could not have translated the Wiercinski paper because it was already written in English. I published this paper over a decade ago: http://olmec98.net/contents1.htm The picture I posted earlier from Wiercinski's article shows that the Olmec were recognized by Wiercinski as Negroes or Africans. . Dr. Wiercinski (1972) claims that the some of the Olmecs were of African origin. He supports this claim with skeletal evidence from several Olmec sites where he found skeletons that were analogous to the West African type black. Wiercinski discovered that 13.5 percent of the skeletons from Tlatilco and 4.5 percent of the skeletons from Cerro de las Mesas were Africoid (Rensberger,1988; Wiercinski, 1972; Wiercinski & Jairazbhoy 1975). Diehl and Coe (1995, 12) of Harvard University have made it clear that until a skeleton of an African is found on an Olmec site he will not accept the art evidence that the were Africans among the Olmecs. This is rather surprising because Constance Irwin and Dr. Wiercinski (1972) have both reported that skeletal remains of Africans have been found in Mexico. Constance Irwin, in Fair Gods and Stone Faces, says that anthropologist see "distinct signs of Negroid ancestry in many a New World skull...." To determine the racial heritage of the ancient Olmecs, Dr. Wiercinski (1972b) used classic diagnostic traits determined by craniometric and cranioscopic methods. These measurements were then compared to a series of three crania sets from Poland, Mongolia and Uganda to represent the three racial categories of mankind. [IMG]http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dH3ZETZ8ZlM/SuENkA6gS4I/AAAAAAAAAXI/bcAc5Wp_HFg/s400/Sketb1.jpg[/IMG] In Table 1, we have the racial composition of the Olmec skulls. The only European type recorded in this table is the Alpine group which represents only 1.9 percent of the crania from Tlatilco. The other alleged "white" crania from Wiercinski's typology of Olmec crania, represent the Dongolan (19.2 percent), Armenoid (7.7 percent), Armenoid-Bushman (3.9 percent) and Anatolian (3.9 percent). The Dongolan, Anatolian and Armenoid terms are euphemisms for the so-called "Brown Race" "Dynastic Race", "Hamitic Race",and etc., which racist Europeans claimed were the founders of civilization in Africa. In Table 2, we record the racial composition of the Olmec according to the Wiercinski (1972b) study. The races recorded in this table are based on the Polish Comparative-Morphological School (PCMS). The PCMS terms are misleading. As mentioned earlier the Dongolan , Armenoid, and Equatorial groups refer to African people with varying facial features which are all Blacks. This is obvious when we look at the iconographic and sculptural evidence used by Wiercinski (1972b) to support his conclusions. Wiercinski (1972b) compared the physiognomy of the Olmecs to corresponding examples of Olmec sculptures and bas-reliefs on the stelas. For example, Wiercinski (1972b, p.160) makes it clear that the clossal Olmec heads represent the Dongolan type. It is interesting to note that the emperical frequencies of the Dongolan type at Tlatilco is .231, this was more than twice as high as Wiercinski's theorectical figure of .101, for the presence of Dongolans at Tlatilco. The other possible African type found at Tlatilco and Cerro were the Laponoid group. The Laponoid group represents the Austroloid-Melanesian type of (Negro) Pacific Islander, not the Mongolian type. If we add together the following percent of the Olmecs represented in Table 2, by the Laponoid (21.2%), Equatorial (13.5), and Armenoid (18.3) groups we can assume that at least 53 percent of the Olmecs at Tlatilco were Africans or Blacks. Using the same figures recorded in Table 2 for Cerro,we observe that 40.8 percent of these Olmecs would have been classified as Black if they lived in contemporary America. Below are the racial types identified by Wiercinski: [b]Equatorial Type[/b] [IMG]http://olmec98.net/Image261.gif[/IMG] [b]Dongolan Type[/b] [IMG]http://olmec98.net/Image262.gif[/IMG] [IMG]http://olmec98.net/Image263.gif[/IMG] [b]Sub-Pacific and Bushmanoid-Armenoid[/b] [IMG]http://olmec98.net/Image264.gif[/IMG] [b]Anatolian[/b] [IMG]http://olmec98.net/Image269.gif[/IMG] Rossum (1996) has criticied the work of Wiercinski because he found that not only blacks, but whites were also present in ancient America. To support this view he (1) claims that Wiercinski was wrong because he found that Negro/Black people lived in Shang China, and 2) that he compared ancient skeletons to modern Old World people. First, it was not surprising that Wiercinski found affinities between African and ancient Chinese populations, because everyone knows that many Negro/African /Oceanic skeletons (referred to as Loponoid by the Polish school) have been found in ancient China see: Kwang-chih Chang The Archaeology of ancient China (1976,1977, p.76,1987, pp.64,68). These Blacks were spread throughout Kwangsi, Kwantung, Szechwan, Yunnan and Pearl River delta. [IMG]http://i.ytimg.com/vi/oapn9nUOSFE/hqdefault.jpg[/IMG] The iconography of the classic Olmec and Mayan civilization show no correspondence in facial features. But many contemporary Maya and other Amerind groups show African characteristics and DNA. Underhill, et al (1996) found that the Mayan people have an African Y chromosome. This would explain the "puffy" faces of contemporary Amerinds, which are incongruent with the Mayan type associated with classic Mayan sculptures and stelas. Wiercinski on the otherhand, compared his SRC to an unmixed European and African sample. This comparison avoided the use of skeletal material that is clearly mixed with Africans and Europeans, in much the same way as the Afro-American people he discussed in his essay who have acquired "white" features since mixing with whites due to the slave trade. [IMG]http://olmec98.net/olmaya1.jpghttp://olmec98.net/olmaya1.jpg[/IMG] Physical anthropologist use many terms to refer to the African type represented by Olmec skeletal remains including Armenoid, Dongolan, Loponoid and Equatorial. The evidence of African skeletons found at many Olmec sites, and their trading partners from the Old World found by Dr. Andrzej Wiercinski prove the cosmopolitan nature of Olmec society. This skeletal evidence explains the discovery of many African tribes in Mexico and Central America when Columbus discovered the Americas (de Quatrefages, 1836). The skeletal material from Tlatilco and Cerro de las Mesas and evidence that the Olmecs used an African writing to inscribe their monuments and artifacts, make it clear that Africans were a predominant part of the Olmec population. These Olmecs constructed complex pyramids and large sculptured monuments weighing tons. The Maya during the Pre-Classic period built pyramids over the Olmec pyramids to disguise the Olmec origin of these pyramids. . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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