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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by lamin: [qb] [QUOTE][b]I am not knowledgeable about genetic related theories, and as such I don't keep notes relating to genetic studies, but an article I read makes it clear that most of the present day European population are descended from Africans who left Africa 6000 years ago.[/b][/QUOTE]1) What is the reference of this article? 2) 6000 years ago would be 4000BC. At that time the Egypto-Nubian complex would have started already and Eurasia would have already been settled. 3) Archaeological and DNA evidence show that the latest pre-written history migration into Europe was some 15-20,000 years ago. That migration came from the region of Asia Minor and the Levant. See "The Daughters of Eve"(Bryan Sykes). 4) The settlement of Eurasia dates from 50,000 BC to 40,000 BC. The Neanderthals were being reduced in numbers around 28,000 BC for whatever reasons but during their time with interactions with Homo Sapiens some of their DNA got passed on to modern Europeans. This is assumed to explain the 4% Neanderthal DNA that some Europeans are assumed to carry. [/qb][/QUOTE]Western European culture entered the area across the Straits of Gibraltar, not the Levant. First they talk about the possibility of carriers of L3(M,N) migrating back into Africa around 40kya via the Levant. This dating has to be wrong because 40kya the Levant was still occupied by Neanderthal. The next great speculation is that the Aurignacian culture originated in Central Asia and expanded from their into the Levant. The present archaeological dates for the Aurignacian culture find the earliest dates for this culture in Iberia, and the latest dates in the Levant and Eastern Europe. The first Aurignacians in the Levant date back to 36-34kya from Ksar Akil The oldest Aurignacian remains come from Iberia/Spain. These sites vary in age from 41kya for the l'Arbreda Cave, and 43kya for Abric Romani, located in Catalonia, Spain. The dates for the Aurignacian in Europe make it clear this culture spread from west to east. You can also recognize that Aurignacian appears not to have reached the Levant, until 11ky after it was established in Spain. These dates for sites where amh were found in Western Europe make it impossible for claims of U6, M1 and etc., originating prior to 32kya in the Levant and entering Africa via a back migration 40kya. Boule and Vallois (1957), was able to chart the migration of civilization from South Africa to the Aurignacian culture of Europe. The earliest Aurignacian sites date back to 44kya. These anthropologist reported that the Khoisan shared the same style stone implements and burials “associated with the Aurignacian or Solutrean type industry...” (Boule & Vallois, 1957: pp. 318-319). They add, that in relation to Bushman [Khoisan] art “This almost uninterrupted series leads us to regard the African continent as a centre of important migrations which at certain times may have played a great part in the stocking of Southern Europe. Finally, we must not forget that the Grimaldi Negroid skeletons show many points of resemblance with the Bushman [Khoisan] skeletons” (Boule & Vallois, 1957). See: the following: The first Europeans were dark skinned. See: file:///C:/Users/cwinters1/Downloads/AA_2014081417215651.pdf [QUOTE] [T]he ‘Classic Aurignacian’ culture probably began in Africa, crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia, and expanded eastward across Europe. The archaeological record informs us that CroMagnon people carried hg N and replaced the Neanderthal population of the Levant, at Ksar Akil around 32, 000 years ago, not the Natufians who entered the Levant almost 20,000 years later. Moreover, by 7000 BC the dominant haplogroup of Western Eurasians remained hg N1. The appearance of phylogenetically related sequences of hg L3 present in many ancient Iberian skeletons suggest that this haplogroup may have a long history in Iberia. The fact that hg N came to Iberia with the Cro-Magnon people in Aurignacian times suggest that carries of L3 may have also been part of this population movement. The mtDNA, skeletal and archaeological record generally, support a third migration event out of Africa before the expansion of the Natufians into the Levant 10,000-20,000 ybp. This third out of Africa event took place between 40-35kya, when modern man crossed from Africa into Iberia carrying haplogroups N and L3, and began to replace Neanderthal as the dominant population in western Eurasia http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2319 [/QUOTE]For more information on the Aurignacian culture see: Demidenko Y.E., Otte M. & Noiret P. (dir.) - Siuren i rock-shelter. From Late Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic to Epi-Paleolithic in Crimea. Liège, ERAUL 129, 2012, p. 343-357. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/135222/1/Chapter%2018%20Europe%20Aurignacian.pdf . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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