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What is Wrong With BLACK PEOPLE ???
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [QB] [QUOTE] "The diversity of “authentic” Africans is a reality. This diversity [b]prevents bio-geographical/bio-historical Africans from clustering into a single unit, no matter the kind of data.[/b]" (Keita and Kittles, 1997) [/QUOTE]The same can be said about Europe. Even Modern European populations have a wide diversity of DNA, craniofacial measurements, post-cranial/limb proportion measurements and even cultural diversity. This also apply for Africa. The wide diversity of phenotypes and cultures doesn't exclude common origin. People in Africa would have acquired their distinctive phenotypic traits after their common origin and migrations to their current geographic locations within Africa. Here's a quote from the same Keita about it: [QUOTE] [b]The PN2 transition[edit:also called P2], a Y chromosome marker, defines a lineage (within the YAPţ derived haplogroup E or III) that emerged in Africa probably before the last glacial maximum, but after the migration of modern humans from Africa [/b] (see Semino et al., 2004). This mutation forms a clade that has two daughter subclades (defined by the biallelic markers M35/215 (or 215/M35) and M2) that unites numerous phenotypically variant African populations from the supra-Saharan, Saharan, and sub-Saharan regions.." [/QUOTE]- From [b](S.O.Y Keita. Exploring northeast African metric craniofacial variation at the individual level: A comparative study using principal component analysis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:679–689, 2004.) [/b] To put this into perspective, I calculated the proportion of Y-DNA and MtDNA shared between Yoruba and Somali (in my thread linked above): For Y-DNA: [b]Yoruba P2(PN2)/e1b1a 93.1% Somali P2(PN2)/e1b1b 81.1%[/b] (using numbers from [URL=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-DNA_haplogroups_by_ethnic_group]here[/URL]) For MtDNA (L2a, L3bf, L3cd, L3eikx, L0a1): [b]Yoruba 75.75% Somali 66.93%[/b] (using the numbers from [URL=http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11443]Here[/URL]) So even populations within Africa (same as within Europe) who share phenotypic differences (and similarities), can also share a common origin for a large part of their genome. The differences having been created (or having drifted in term of proportions in the population) after their common origin and thus after their migrations to their current locations in Africa. While the similarities would be related to this common origin. Keita talks of PN2/P2 as a common lineage which appeared in Africa after the migration of modern humans from Africa. Thus after the OOA migrations. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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