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What is Wrong With BLACK PEOPLE ???
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE] Settled communities in Africa began to be developed in at least 20,000 years BC. Quite probably these communities first sprung up along the River Nile in the cataract regions of southern Egypt and northern Sudan or as it was once known Ancient Nubia. Archaeological historians believe that barley was been harvested as early as 16,000 years BC. The people living in these established and settled communities had the skills and capabilities to use wild grain as well as the ability to exploit water resources and were able to form stable and long lasting communities. The domestication of plants and the building up of livestock herds also led to the emergence of aesthetics, individual taste, discrimination as well a language. Modern day African language has its foundations in these small and settled communities established thousands of years previously. The beginning of modern day history can be partly marked through the introduction and development of agricultural systems. [...] They manufactured and used stone and bone tools as well as pottery. But the foundations of these communities could go back to much earlier time of 15,000 years BC. By that period the Nile Valley was a rich source of food. There was an abundance of wild game, grains, animals and fish and later on wild fowl. Along coastal regions shell fish was a valuable source of food. Permanent communities in sustainable locations were formed. Effective methods were devised for storing food. Smoking and drying techniques were developed and as a result of improvement to nutrition population growth occurred. Also a range of millet and dry rice was grown in West Africa at this time while sorghum was grown in Chad and Sudan. Yam and palm oil quite possibly could have been cultivated at a much earlier period. Communities could have been based around the movement of wild game and the seasonal harvesting of wild crops. [...] Western and Central Sudan has a history of successfully cultivating specialized crops. It is thought that the camel was introduced into Africa before the birth of Christ and some historians claim that the horse has its origins in Africa and that the donkey was first domesticated in north east Africa. Other people claim that cattle were first domesticated in the Sahara region because rock paintings have been found that show people with cattle. A grain of corn has been found in this region which dates back to 19,000 years ago give or take 300 years. This is thought to show proof of the early domestication of grass at a time when Asia Minor and West Asia were covered in ice. One also has to take in the role of birds when considering the origins and development of agriculture. They might have helped to promote plant growth across a region by dropping seeds over a wide area through their digestive system. Tuerag traders may also have taken new plants, seeds and trees along early trade routes and planted them en-route. [...] Research by Patrick Munson of Illonois University where he excavated ruins in the Tichitt Walata region of Mauritania and found an early agricultural community which dates back to between 1500 Years BC and 1100 Years BC. (*Which is dated earlier now, back to 4000 Kya) Most of the villages were built on the top of cliffs and were made of stone. The walls of the cliff plus a series of protective walls help to protect the villages. Some of these communities covered an area of 1 square kilometer. Munson believed that they could have been food producing as well as food gathering communities. Some of the communities were constructed alongside lakes and could have been home to fishermen, herdsmen and horticulturalists. [...] The beginnings of livestock rearing, animal husbandry and grain cultivation could have occurred in the Sahara Desert when it was fertile savanna grassland and teeming with wild life. Animal husbandry and the domestic rearing of cattle occurred in the Sahara Desert region of Africa before it happened in the Nile Valley. Cave paintings have been found in this desert region depicting the herding of cattle. Since the start of this current millennium agriculture was seen as happening in the Sahara region as early as the 7th millennium BC. Pottery and ceramics are also linked to the development of agriculture. Pots were produced for specific purposes such as sowing, harvesting, growing plants in, for eating and drinking, all activities linked to agriculture. The greening of the Sahara Desert came to an end with ending of the last Ice Age. As the ice slowly melted in Europe and the Near East the region became more arid and was transformed into the desert region that we know today. Some pottery and rock paintings still remain from this period, which depict life as it was lived at the time. [...] G.P. Murdoch went against the grain of conventional thinking that saw the continent of Africa as having no past or history except for Ancient Egypt. He put forward the theory that agriculture was invented and that food plants were domesticated in the Mandingo country of the Upper Niger basin. Writing in Africa: Its People and Their Culture (1959) he expands on the concept that there was the cultivation and domestication of up to 24 nutritional and fibre plants south of the Sahara. He also raises the question as to whether the Decrue Irrigation System originated in this region and not on the Niger Bend. Also he was convinced that the domestication of cattle first happened in North Africa. Murdoch based his theories through the research he carried out exploring diet plant origins in Africa. Other researchers say that agriculture has its origins at Dhar Tichitt in Mauretania where the Decrue Water System was also practiced. [...] Arab writers over the centuries describe an Africa plentiful in agricultural produce. " [...] [/QUOTE] http://www.ruperthopkins.com/pdf/Agriculture%20in%20Africa%20002.pdf [/QB][/QUOTE]
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