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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [IMG]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337428/bin/821fig3.jpg[/IMG] The pie charts on the left indicate the frequency distribution of African haplogroups in Europe; the color circles within the map indicate the distribution of entire genomes in Europe clustered in main haplogroups. The pie charts on the right show the admixture components of L-European lineages in Africa. [IMG]http://i59.tinypic.com/16iciko.jpg[/IMG] [i]Spatial haplogroup distribution of sub-Saharan African lineages in Europe based on control-region data. (A) Macro-haplogroup L; (B) haplogroup L1b. Green crosses in A indicate the sampled regions (see also Supplemental Data S1).[/i] [b]However the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.[/b] [/QUOTE]--María Cerezo et al. Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337428/ [/qb][/QUOTE][QUOTE]Originally posted by xyyman: where is your scientific evidence modern Egytptians are heavily admixed with Europeans. Notable Greeks and Romans. [/QUOTE]This desperate loon lioness, who operates under different names, likely doesn't understand that there were no planes back then. There was only a few ways to get out of Africa, on foot by small populations. One of them was the hub of Northeast Africa, known as Egypt. Of course this wasn't the only hub. [QUOTE] The presence of sub-Saharan L-type mtDNA sequences in North Africa has traditionally been explained by the recent slave trade. However, gene flow between sub-Saharan and northern African populations would also have been made possible earlier through the greening of the Sahara resulting from Early Holocene climatic improvement. In this article, we examine human dispersals across the Sahara through the analysis of the sub-Saharan mtDNA haplogroup L3e5, which is not only commonly found in the Lake Chad Basin (∼17%), but which also attains nonnegligible frequencies (∼10%) in some Northwestern African populations. Age estimates point to its origin ∼10 ka, probably directly in the Lake Chad Basin, where the clade occurs across linguistic boundaries. The virtual absence of this specific haplogroup in Daza from Northern Chad and all West African populations suggests that its migration took place elsewhere, perhaps through Northern Niger. Interestingly, independent confirmation of Early Holocene contacts between North Africa and the Lake Chad Basin have been provided by craniofacial data from Central Niger, supporting our suggestion that the Early Holocene offered a suitable climatic window for genetic exchanges between North and sub-Saharan Africa. In view of its younger founder age in North Africa, the discontinuous distribution of L3e5 was probably caused by the Middle Holocene re-expansion of the Sahara desert, disrupting the clade's original continuous spread. [/QUOTE]--Eliška Podgorná et al. Annals of Human Genetics Volume 77, Issue 6, pages 513–523, November 2013 The Genetic Impact of the Lake Chad Basin Population in North Africa as Documented by Mitochondrial Diversity and Internal Variation of the L3e5 Haplogroup http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ahg.12040/abstr [/QB][/QUOTE]
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