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Are Mestizos Jealousy of Afro-American History
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Quetzalcoatl: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Quetzalcoatl: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters Are Mestizos Jealousy of Afro-American History? [/QUOTE]Mestizos by definition are people of combined European and Amerindian ancestry Afro-Americans Americans are primarily African and on average have a smaller amount of European ancestry. Some have American Indian, Asian and other ancestry but on average, less than the European admixture Comparitively the average Afro-American has much less indigenous American ancestry than the average mestizo. That is not suprising [/qb][/QUOTE][IMG]http://www.nok-benin.co.uk/Imagenok/graphics/Olmec_genes_med.jpg[/IMG][/qb][/QUOTE]This is an invented graph. Lisker did not use y-chromosomes he used 6GPD [QUOTE][qb]There is a high frequency of African-Mestizo admixture ranging between 20-40% . The admixture rate between Africans and indigenous Mexican Indians ranges between 5-50% . References: 1. Lisker R, et al.(1996). Genetic structure of autochthonous populations of Meso-america:Mexico. Am. J. Hum Biol 68:395-404. 2. Suarez-Diaz,E. (2014) Indigenous populations in Mexico. Medical anthropology in the Work of Ruben Lisker in the 1960's. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 47:108-117. 3. Lisker,R.(1981. Estructura genetia de la poblacion Mexicana. Aspectos Medicos y Anthropologica, Mexico: Salvat. . [/qb][/QUOTE]R.Lisker, E. Ramirez, and V. Babinsky. 1996. “Genetic Structure of Autochtonous populations of Mesoamerica:Mexico,” [u]Human Biology[[/u] 68 (#3): 395-404. (properly cited) Winters also like to play around with definitions to obscure. MESTIZO is defined as European + Indian; Nobody but Winters uses the term “mongoloid Native Americans”, which already presupposes what he intends to prove. MULATTO is defined as Black + white. Then there is African + Indian., and finally the trihybrid European + Black + Indian. Table 2 in Lisker says group black ... Indian… white Paraiso 0.217... 0.474… 0.309 El Carmen 0.284… 0.432… 0.284 Veracruz 0.256 …. 0.394… 0.350 Saladero 0.302… 0.386… 0.312 Tamiahua 0.405… 0.307… 0.288 Aha! This could only happen after the arrival of the Spanish and African slaves. It is meaningless for the purposes Winters wants to use them. Also note there are more whites in Paraiso then blacks (30.9% vs 21.7%). Veracruz (35% vs 25.6%), Saladero (31.2% vs 30.2%). Black and White genetic contributions are the same in El Carmen and the only place there are more blacks is Tamiahua (40.5% vs 28.8). Actually the more relevant part of the table is also not mentioned by Winters, i.e. not Mestizos, which by definition are already mixed with whites in Colonial Times. What we need is data on INDIAN GROUPS, Lisker Table 2 continues; group black indian white Huichol 0.00 0.912 0.088 Totonaco 0.00 0.854 0.146 Chontal 0.050 0.783 0.167 Chol 0.00 0.778 0.222 Zapoteco 0.00 0.741 0.259 Huasteco 0.00 0.627 0.373 Cora 0.008 0.792 0.20 In these Indian groups you get [b]zero African contribution[/b] with the exception of the Maya Chontal group at 5% (not very significant); the Chol live in the area of the Classic Maya civilization, the Zapotec live in the area where writing was first found in Mesoamerica, the Totonac are the Indians living in Veracruz--and the better example to use rather then the Veracruz mestizo sample cited by Winters, the Huasteco are the supposedly ancestral Maya speakers just before the Mande came.. The paper points out that populations used were monolingual and identified themselves as Indian-- therefore, if there had been precolumbian African contact in the Maya area these would be the groups where it would show up. It doesn't. Winters is playing tricks again by omitting the part of the paper he is quoting in support of his position. Suares-Diaz, E. 2014 “Indigenous populations in Mexico: Medical anthropology in the work of Ruben Lisker in the 1960s,” [u] Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences [/u]47: 108-117 p. 114 Their area of study focused on the so-called Costa Chica in the Pacific Coast of southern Mexico, Lisker found that hemolytic anemaia was not that common in Mexican indigenous populations, but more interestingly, that the enzyme’s deficiency was correlated with distance to [b]Cuijinicuilapa, a town in which African slaves had settled during colonial times[/b]. The farther from Cuijinicuilapa, the lower the frequency of G6PD and HbS; the village of Pochutla, for instance, showing a lower frequency than Ometepec. Using other blood markers, he calculated that in Cuijinicuilapa 56% of the genes are Negroid. p. 114 These communities lived indifferent regions of the country, including the Northern mountains, and the east and west coast, [b]where slave trade had taken place in the 16th century,[/b] according to Aguirre Beltrán. This time, Lisker obtained two thousand blood samples. The results confirmed the hypothesis of the Negro admixture in the west Mexican coast, in some places reaching a level of 40% of admixture. Lisker did not study the country at large. His results apply only to communities [b]where historically we knew that slaves had settled in colonial times[/b] Winters seems to forget that between his "1200 BC Mande" and 2015 there were many centuries where African brought as slaves lived and bred in Mexico. [/qb][/QUOTE]' [IMG]http://olmec98.net/olmaya1.jpg[/IMG] . No I haven't it is due to the slave trade that many contemprary Mexicans have African features. [/qb][/QUOTE]Notice, that instead of dealing with his misstatements about Lisker, we get distracting spam. [/qb][/QUOTE]I made no mistakes on Lisker. The article is on-line so anyone interested can read the article themselves.Lisker has written other articles on the same subject and note the African admixture with Mexicans. You are a liar and a fraud. . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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