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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: I cant even find any articles by "Cordeaux et al". [/QB][/QUOTE] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180321/ Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Jun; 72(6): 1586–1590. doi: 10.1086/375407 PMCID: PMC1180321 [b]South Asia, the Andamanese, and the Genetic Evidence for an “Early” Human Dispersal out of Africa[/b] Richard Cordaux and Mark Stoneking ________________________________________ http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v11/n3/full/5200949a.html European Journal of Human Genetics (2003) 11, 253–264. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200949 [b]Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals diverse histories of tribal populations from India[/b] Richard Cordaux1, Nilmani Saha2, Gillian R Bentley3, Robert Aunger4, S M Sirajuddin5 and Mark Stoneking _____________________________________________ http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=009528 [b]Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia[/b] Patricia Marrero, Khaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga, Vicente M Cabrera doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/047456 Abstract ABSTRACT Objetives We suggest that the phylogeny and phylogeography of mtDNA macrohaplogroup M in Eurasia and Australasia is better explained supposing an out of Africa of modern humans following a northern route across the Levant than the most prevalent southern coastal route across Arabia and India proposed by others. Methods A total 206 Saudi samples belonging to macrohaplogroup M have been analyzed. In addition, 4107 published complete or nearly complete Eurasian and Australasian mtDNA genomes ascribed to the same macrohaplogroup have been included in a global phylogeographic analysis. Results Macrohaplogroup M has only historical implantation in West Eurasia including the Arabian Peninsula. Founder ages of M lineages in India are significantly younger than those in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Near Oceania. These results point to a colonization of the Indian subcontinent by modern humans carrying M lineages from the east instead the west side. Conclusions The existence of a northern route previously advanced by the phylogeography of mtDNA macrohaplogroup N is confirmed here by that of macrohaplogroup M. Taking this genetic evidence and those reported by other disciplines we have constructed a new and more conciliatory model to explain the history of modern humans out of Africa. Results Macrohaplogroup M has only historical implantation in West Eurasia including the Arabian Peninsula. Founder ages of M lineages in India are significantly younger than those in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Near Oceania. These results point to a colonization of the Indian subcontinent by modern humans carrying M lineages from the east instead the west side. he unexpected detection of M lineages in Late Pleistocene European hunter-gatherers (Posth et al. 2016), possibly mirrors the back migration into Africa of haplogroup M1 that most probably arrived to Northern Africa through western Eurasia, in Paleolithic times (Olivieri et al., 2006; González et al., 2007; Pennarun et al., 2012). The founder age of M in India is younger than in eastern Asia and Near Oceania and so, southern Asia might better be perceived as a receiver more than an emissary of M lineages. In this study, we built a more conciliatory model for the history of Homo sapiens in Eurasia that might attract the reluctant East Asian position on the premises of only an early exit from Africa and only a sole northern route across the Levant, followed by early modern humans to colonize the Old World. [i]About the origin of the North African haplogroup M1[/i] The existence of haplogroup M lineages in Africa was first detected in Ethiopian populations by RFLP analysis (Passarino et al., 1998). Although an Asian influence was contemplated to explain the presence of this M component on the maternal Ethiopian pool, the dearth of M lineages in the Levant and its abundance in south Asia gave strength to the hypothesis that haplogroup M1 in Ethiopia was a genetic indicator of the southern route out of Africa. In addition, it was pointed out that probably this was the only successful early dispersal (Quintana-Murci et al., 1999). However, the limited geographic range and genetic diversity of M in Africa compared to India was used as an argument against this hypothesis (Maca-Meyer et al., 2001; Roychoudhury et al., 2001; Metspalu et al., 2004; Olivieri et al., 2006; Thangaraj et al., 2006; González et al., 2007), instead proposing M1 as a signal of backflow to Africa, most probably from the Indian subcontinent. However, after extensive phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses for this marker (Metspalu et al., 2004; Olivieri et al., 2006; Sun et al., 2006; González et al., 2007; Pennarun et al., 2012), this supposed India to Africa connection was not found. The detection in southeast Asia of new lineages that share with M1 the 14110 substitution (Kong et al., 2011; Peng et al., 2011), gave rise to 12 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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