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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Quetzalcoatl: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by tropicals redacted: [qb] @Professor Ortoz de Montellano don't want to sound dismissive of your laudable efforts and contributions, but I've noticed that even ostensibly egalitarian types draw the line when it comes to the idea of ancient Egyptians as black African. [/qb][/QUOTE]Is this the litmus test that supersedes everything else? [qb] [QUOTE]I don't understand how, even if true, gradation in skin colour within an African population discounts it as being black--you must have noticed the variability in the complexions of African-Americans. Moreover, I found the statements " [b]all[/b] Egyptians", " [b]all[/b] the pharaohs" somewhat disingenuous, since you know that in the last thousand years of dynastic history the country was run by foreigners. [/qb][/QUOTE]The problem is that the word "black" takes on many different meanings here and elsewhere depending on the intentions of the writer. All africans are "black" but not all "blacks" are African. Sometimes as in this statement "black is a big range of tones from deep black to yellowish-brown (Khoisan) to brown (North Africa). However, when one wants to claim direct African influence (Chinese, Native Americans, Olmecs, Mayas, Dravidians, Japanese,European nobility, etc. etc.) the word "black" can be almost any hue-BUT in this case it is use as a synonym for "African." So that we have "black" i.e. African Chinese, "black" i.e African Native Americans and so forth. I have no problem with "black" in this context being a gradation in color or saying Egyptians are African-- they live in the continent. On the Pharaohs- Again the problem is where do you draw the line between genuinely Ancient Egyptians and Egyptians that no longer qualify. Do The Ptolemies and the Romans qualify? [QUOTE] [b] There was also the paper from June this year, [i]Tracing the Route of Modern Humans out of Africa by Using 225 Human Genome Sequences from Ethiopians and Egyptians[/i], confirming the Nile as the predominant Out of Africa route. Following the genome testing,the following was concluded regarding the Egyptian sample (100): "Using ADMIXTURE and principal-component analysis (PCA) (Figure 1A) we estimated the average of non-African ancestry in the Egyptians to be 80% and date the midpoint of the admixture event by using ADLER to around 750 years ago (Table S2), consistent with the Islamic expansion and dates reported previously" (p2). But it would be interesting to read what you base your idea of biological continuity on.[/b][/QUOTE]. I'll have to get back to you on this. I like to check sources-- could you give me a good citation for this paper? I tried all sorts of variations on Google Scholar and did not get anything. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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