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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Quetzalcoatl: [QB] [QUOTE][qb]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [*]Figure S2 Multidimensional Scaling Plot (MDS). The 2nd and 3rd coordinates of an MDS plot of 848 nuclear microsatellite loci from 469 individuals of 24 world populations. MDS uses pairwise IBS data based on the 848 loci generated by PLINK software and plotted using R version 2.15.0. [b]The figure, besides a separate clustering of east Africans, indicates the substantial contribution of Africans and east Africans to the founding of populations of Europe and Asia.[/b] (TIF) [/list] [IMG]http://oi62.tinypic.com/s5v8uu.jpg[/IMG] [list] [*]Figure S3 Multidimensional Scaling Plot (MDS). The 3rd and 4th coordinates of an MDS plot of 848 Microsatellite loci, across the human genome in 469 individuals from 24 populations from Africa, Asia and Europe. MDS uses pairwise IBS data based on the 848 loci generated by PLINK software and plotted using R version 2.15.0. [b]The central position of east Africans and some other Africans emphasizes the founding role of east African gene pool and the disparate alignment on coordinates along which the world populations were founded including populations of Aftica aligning along the 4th dimension.[/b] (TIF) [/list] [i]Figure 4. Multidimensional Scaling Plot (MDS). A. First and second coordinates of an MDS plot of 848 Microsatellite Marshfield data set across the human genome for 24 populations from Africa, Asia and Europe. MDS plot was constructed from pairwise differences FST generated by Arlequin program (Table S3). B. First and second coordinates of an MDS plot of 848 Microsatellite loci, across the human genome in 469 individuals from 24 populations from Africa, Asia and Europe. [b]MDS uses pairwise IBS data based on the 848 loci generated by PLINK software and plotted using R version 2.15.0. East Africans cluster to the left of the plot, while Beja (red cluster in the middle), assumes intermediate position.[/b] doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097674.g004[/i] [list] [*]Figure S4 Multidimensional Scaling Plot (MDS). First and second coordinates of an MDS plot based on MT-CO2 data set constructed from pairwise differences FST generated by Arlequin v3.11. Population code as follows: Nara: Nar, Kunama (Kun), Hidarb (Hid), Afar (Afa), Saho (Sah), Bilen (Bil), Tigre (Tgr), Tigrigna (Tig), Rashaida (Rsh), Nilotics (Nil), Beja (Bej), Ethiopians(Eth), Egyptians (Egy), Moroccans (Mor), Southern Africans (Sth), Pygmy (Pyg), Saudi Arabia (Sdi), Asia (Asi), Europe (Eur), Native Americans (NA), Australians (Ast), Nubians (Nub), Nuba (Nba) (TIF) [/list] --Jibril Hirbo, Sara Tishkoff et al. The Episode of Genetic Drift Defining the Migration of Humans out of Africa Is Derived from a Large East African Population Size PLoS One. 2014; 9(5): e97674. Published online 2014 May 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097674 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028218/pdf/pone.0097674.pdf [/qb][/QUOTE]No one argues that modern humans came out of Africa-or that Africa "made significant contributions to the [b]founding[/b] populations of Asia and Europe"-- That is the key point. Populations once out of Africa evolved independently, just as populations in Africa continued to evolve independently. What people mean, as I pointed out, when they talk about the great variety of haplotypes in Africa is due to the fact that (modern humans in) Africa have been evolving for 200,000 years--[b]BUT[/b] this diversity is [b]within[/b] the African macrohaplogroups A,B,C,E as your own image above shows. The only macrohaplogroups theree are A, B and C. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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