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[QUOTE]Originally posted by DD'eDeN: [QB] Euros not black/African? http://forwhattheywereweare.blogspot.com/2015/09/twitter-in-aurignacian.html#comment-form http://eshe.eu/static/eshe/files/PESHE/PESHE_4_2015_London.pdf A New Model of Human Dispersal Trevor Underwood1 Independent researcher This presentation examines previously unpublished allele counts obtained from the French-San-Neanderthal-Chimpanzee alignment of the high quality DNA sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains [1]. [b]This analysis indicates the existence of an unidentified third archaic ancestor of present-day Europeans, which diverged from its common ancestor with sub-Saharan Africans and Neanderthals around 900 thousand years ago.[/b] It also shows that the relative proportions of derived alleles of Neanderthals versus sub-Saharan Africans versus the third archaic ancestor, in the 0.0826% the European genome that is not shared with the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzee, are 13.6%, 32.3% and 54.2%, respectively. In addition, analysis of the also unpublished allele counts from the alignment of the 45 Kya fossil from Ust’-Ishim in western Siberia [2] and of the alignment of the 36.2 Kya Kostenki 14 (Markina Gora) fossil from Kostenki-Borshchevo in European Russia [3] show similar relative proportions, suggesting that these individuals were closely related to the ancestor of present-day Europeans. These results differ significantly from previous estimates of the proportion of Neanderthal ancestry in present-day Europeans which range from 1.3% to 2.7% [1, 4, 5]. This presentation also identifies a mathematical error in the derivation of the admixture proportion estimators used to generate the previous estimates which explains this difference. The analysis of the allele counts together with anthropological and archaeological evidence suggests a new model of human dispersal based on a Eurasian lineage in the Levant, which admixed with Neanderthals between 250-55 Kya as they expanded eastward, and subsequently with members or descendants of the African mtDNA haplogroup L3 after their emergence from Africa between 84-63 Kya. This was followed by radiation from a basal admixed population in the Levant from around 55-50 Kya, with no subsequent major contribution to the European genome. Ancestors of the Ust’-Ishim individual, a member of mtDNA haplogroup R, probably went northeast from the Levant into western Siberia around 47 Kya; and ancestors of the Kostenki 14 individual, a member of mtDNA haplogroup U2, probably moved northward from the Levant into the Central European Plain between 40-36 Kya. It is likely that other members of these hybrid populations with a morphology similar to present-day Homo sapiens, including mtDNA haplogroups N, R, U, U2, U8 and JT, expanded westward into Europe along the Danube and Mediterranean coast and replaced the already dwindling Neanderthal populations between 45-35 Kya, rather than newly emerged sub-Saharan Africans as has been assumed. [b]This analysis indicates the existence of an unidentified third archaic ancestor of present-day Europeans, which diverged from its common ancestor with sub-Saharan Africans and Neanderthals around 900 thousand years ago. [/b] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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