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[QUOTE]Originally posted by DD'eDeN: [QB] Venturing out safely: The biogeography of Homo erectus dispersal out of Africa Carotenuto F, Tsikaridze N, Rook L, Lordkipanidze D, Condemi S & Raia P 2016 JHE 95:1-12 doi 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.005 The dispersal of He out of Africa at some 1.9 Ma is one of the most important, crucial, and yet controversial events in human evolution. Current opinions about this episode expose the contrast between - those who see He as a highly social, cooperative species seeking out new ecological opportunities to exploit & - those preferring a passive, climate-driven explanation. By using geo-statistics techniques & probabilistic models, we characterised the ecological context of He dispersal, from its E.African origin to the colonization of Eurasia, taking into account - the presence of other large mammals & - the physical characteristics of the landscape as potential factors. Our model indicated that He followed almost passively the large herbivore fauna during its dispersal. - In Africa, the dispersal was statistically associated with the presence of large freshwater bodies (Rift Valley Lakes). - In Eurasia, the presence of He was associated with the occurrence of geological outcrops likely yielding unconsolidated flint. During the early phase of dispersal, our model indicated that He actively avoided areas densely populated by large carnivores. This pattern weakened as He dispersed over Europe, possibly because of the decreasing presence of carnivores there + the later acquisition of Acheulean technology. During this later phase, He was associated with limestone & shaley marl, and He seems to have been selecting for high-elevation sites. Our results do not directly contradict the idea that He may have been an active hunter, but they clearly point to the fact that predator avoidance may have conditioned its long-distance diffusion as it moved outside Africa. The modelled dispersal route suggests that He remained preferentially associated with low/middle latitude (i.e. comparatively warm) sites throughout its colonization history. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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