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[QUOTE]Originally posted by DD'eDeN: [QB] Oldest Human footprints 1.5ma Kenya Earliest direct evidence of modern human-like foot function from 1.5 Ma hominin footprints at Ileret, Kenya KEVIN HATALA & BRIAN RICHMOND 2016 AAPA The Hs foot generates propulsion during bipedal locomotion, using a functional pattern that is unlike any other extant apes. Understanding when this functional pattern emerged during human evolution is complicated: - soft tissues do not fossilize, - complete, associated foot & leg skeletons are not known for any early hominins. However, fossil hominin footprints preserve direct records of the external motions of fossil hominin feet. Newly discovered 1.5-Ma hominin footprints from Ileret were compared to - the footprints of habitually barefoot Hs & - the 3.7-Ma footprints from Laetoli. Re-sampling analyses were used for quantitative comparisons, 3-D geometric morphometrics were used to visualize morphological differences. Differences were interpreted in the context of experimental results that link patterns of footprint variation to gait biomechanics: - The Ileret footprints preserve forefoot morphologies similar to Hs footprints. - The Laetoli footprints differ significantly. The 1.5-Ma Ileret footprints therefore preserve the earliest direct evidence of human-like foot function: - a medial transfer of pressure, - propulsion derived from the medial fore-foot. We argue that this implies a human-like morphology of many (if not all) of the anatomical structures in the Ileret legs & feet. These results support the hypothesis: - an essentially modern bipedal gait was not present at 3.7 Ma, - it evolved in certain hominin taxa by the early Pleistocene. - - - Eritrean footprints 800,000 years ago around lakeshore now desert: The discovery is the first time that footprints from the mid-Pleistocene era have been found, a very important period of transition in human evolution, in which human species with larger brains and more modern bodies than homo erectus developed. Read more at https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2016/06/earliest-footprints-of-homo-erectus.html#iikFQ0WEXuAkqM5u.99 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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