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[QUOTE]Originally posted by DD'eDeN: [QB] {Note: Shinfa River ~ Simbha / Xyambua} Seasonality and Modern Human Foraging Behaviors in the MSA of Northwest Ethiopia BRETT NACHMAN, NEIL TABOR, JOHN KAPPELMAN & LAWRENCE TODD 2016 AAPA Ongoing PA research along the Shinfa River (a tributary of the Blue Nile) has recovered evidence of riverine foraging by Middle Stone Age populations. Surface collection & excavation along the ancient river channels has yielded MSA lithics in association with a substantial ichthyo-fauna, mollusks, reptiles & mammals. The modern climate at Shinfa is highly seasonal: - brief, intense wet seasons, - protracted, extremely arid dry seasons. High-energy, bankfull river flows during the wet season make exploitation of aquatic fauna prohibitive. However, during the dry season, when evaporative processes reduce the river to a series of waterholes, modern populations living nearby can effectively exploit the river's resources. Preliminary isotopic data suggests that a seasonal environment may have also existed during the Late-Pleistocene, when MSA people occupied the area. Stable C & O isotope values recovered from isolated spot sampling of fossil bovid enamel (n=13) indicate: this sample was dominated by C4-feeders whose crowns formed, at least partially, in a warm, arid environment. Serial sampling along the growth axis of the tooth was undertaken on 5 fossil & 3 extant bovids from Shinfa. Serial sampling revealed 18O values & sinusoidal patterns of intra-tooth variation, consistent with a shift from wet to dry seasonal environments during crown fm. We hypothesize: similar to populations living in the Shinfa area today, MSA people occupying the area were best able to exploit available riverine resources during dryer climatic periods. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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