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[QUOTE]Originally posted by DD'eDeN: [QB] A large 1.5 million-year-old hominin radius from Koobi Fora, Kenya CAROL WARD, IAN WALLACE, BIREN PATEL, J MICHAEL PLAVCAN & FRANCIS KIRERA 2016 AAPA A nearly complete hominin radius KNM-ER 48100 was found in 2008 at Ileret (Kirera cs 2009), unassociated with cranio-dental remains. The OH 80-11 radius from Olduvai Gorge (Domingez-Rodrigo cs 2013) is securely attributed to Au.boisei, based on association with teeth. ER-48100 has a head with deep, straight sides, a neck that is rel.round in cross-section, differing from the narrow, beveled radial head margin & compressed neck of OH 80-11, morphologies also seen in the diminutive ER-1500 specimen often attributed to Au.boisei as well. This & its large size indicate that ER-48100 is most likely attributable to H.erectus. The most notable feature of ER-48100 is its impressive size: - its head diameter overlaps that of female gorillas, - its length is estimated at c 300 mm (longer than the radius of almost any human in the comparative sample, substantially larger than the ER-15000 H.erectus radius, comparable to the Omo L40-19 ulna). Published stature regression formulas yield stature estimates of over 188 cm. The ER-48100 radius indicates the presence of very large H.erectus individuals in E.Africa c 1.5 Ma, also suggested by a metacarpal from West Turkana & other pene-contemporaneous Koobi Fora fossils. - - - Body Mass Estimation from Knee Dimensions in Hominins NICOLE SQUYRES & CHRIS RUFF 2016 AAPA ... Most previous studies have concentrated on weight-bearing elements of the lower limb, in particular the femoral head. This study used new body mass estimation equations derived from measurements of the knee in 110 living humans of known body mass, to estimate body mass in 11 fossil hominins, including Au.africanus, Au.afarensis & early Homo. ML breadth measurements were taken from AP RX of the knee, and regressed against recorded body weight, to generate body mass estimation equations. Knee dimensions were generally found to be good predictors of body mass in the modern human sample, with median absolute % prediction errors of 7 to 8 % (comparable to similar equations derived from the femoral head). Taxon average estimated body masses were - 46 kg for Au.afarensis, - 42 kg for Au.africanus, - 55 kg for early Homo. Estimates for early Homo were similar to those generated previously from the femoral head. Estimates for australopiths, however, were larger than those generated from femoral head equations by an average of 8 kg. This result supports the idea that relative loading of the femoral head may have differed between australopiths & Homo, perhaps due to subtle differences in gait. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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