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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by DD'eDeN: [qb] http://file.scirp.org/pdf/AA20120200004_71596882.pdf Re-Examining the "Out of Africa" Theory and the Origin of Europeoids (Caucasoids) in Light of DNA Genealogy Anatole A Klyosov & Igor L Rozhanskii 2016 Advances in Anthropology 2:80-86 open access doi 10.4236/aa.2012.22009 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aa.2012.22009> <http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=19566> 7556 haplotypes of 46 subclades in 17 major haplogroups were considered in terms of their base (ancestral) haplotypes & time-spans to their common ancestors, for the purposes of designing of time-balanced haplogroup tree. It was found: African haplogroup A (originated 132 ka ±12) is very remote time-wise from all other haplogroups, which have a separate common ancestor (β-haplogroup) and originated 64 ka ±6. It includes a family of Europeoid (Caucasoid) haplogroups from F through T, that originated 58 ka ± 5. A downstream common ancestor for haplogroup A & β-haplogroup (coined the α-haplogroup) emerged 160 ka ± 12. A territorial origin of haplogroups α- & β-remains unknown, but the most likely origin for each of them is a vast triangle - from C-Europe in the W - through the Russian Plain to the E & - to Levant to the S. Haplogroup B is descended from β-haplogroup (not from haplogroup A, from which it is very distant, separated by 123 ky "lateral" mutational evolution) likely migrated to Africa after 46 ka. The finding that the Europeoid haplogroups did not descend from "African" haplogroups A or B is supported by the fact that bearers of the Europeoid haplogroups, as well as all non-African haplogroups do not carry either SNPs M91, P97, M31, P82, M23, M114, P262, M32, M59, P289, P291, P102, M13, M171, M118 (haplogroup A & its subclades SNPs) or M60, M181, P90 (haplogroup B), as it was shown recently in "Walk through Y" FTDNA Project (the reference is incorporated therein) on several 100 people from various haplogroups. - - - Uncertain about this analysis. [/qb][/QUOTE]Anatole A. Klyosov theory is groundless. I proved this in a recent article: Were the First Europeans Pale or Dark Skinned?, http://file.scirp.org/pdf/AA_2014081417215651.pdf ,the first Europeans were Black--not white. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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