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[QUOTE]Originally posted by DD'eDeN: [QB] Interesting article on AMHs (modern humans) vs ancient lineage. Especially see top photo of Neanderthal face, the large brow ridges produce a Chinese-like eye morphology (epicanthic fold), allowing better vision under open skies. http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170214-your-face-is-probably-more-primitive-than-a-neanderthals?ocid=ww.social.link.twitter "The term 'modern' is somewhat misleading," says Hublin. "When you say 'modern', people assume you mean 'more evolved', but in fact in our case it may mean 'more primitive'." " Our bones are continually renewed and remodelled Hublin and his team can also use their software to mature the skulls of children, giving an idea of what they would have looked like when they became adults When they applied it to the skull fragments of H. antecessor, they got something that looked both primitive and modern at the same time. "The face has more prominence than modern humans," says Hublin. "But it doesn't have the derived features we see in the Neanderthal." Something even more surprising emerged when the fossilised skulls of H. antecessor were placed under a microscope. So when Lacruz, Bromage and their colleagues popped the skull fragments from H. antecessor under the microscope, they were staggered to find that the maxilla and canine fossa were heavily pitted. Not only that, but the pattern of bone reabsorption they noticed was similar to that seen in modern humans. "These similarities suggest that one of the key developmental changes responsible for the characteristic face of modern humans can be traced back to H. antecessor," says Lacruz. "This is important, because antecessor not only showed this human-like growth pattern, but also shows some human-like morphology around 800,000 years ago." "The bone in modern humans fractures much earlier," says O'Higgins. "It suggests efficient biting we get from our flat faces was not the result of natural selection, but something else." It now seems that our powerful bites are related to the size of our noses. "H. heidelbergensis and Neanderthals had gigantic brow ridges," says O'Higgins. "It was like having a peaked cap on the top of the forehead." " With big brow ridges, the movement of the eyebrows is limited In research presented at the Madrid conference, he and his colleagues used their computer models to shave away the brow ridges, then looked at how this affected the structure of the face and skull. They found that the brow ridges did not provide any structural advantage. Instead, they believe these prominent arches of bone above the eyes may have served to signal dominance to other members of the species, much like the huge antlers of modern male moose. Stringer has also suggested this, comparing ancestral hominins to olive baboons. These monkeys raise their eyebrows as part of their dominance displays. Similarly, mandrills also use bright colours on their eyebrows and snouts to indicate their rank in their group. At the 2016 meeting, O'Higgins and his colleagues presented preliminary findings suggesting that, when our ancestors lost these aggressive-looking brow ridges, they gained a subtler form of communication. - - - This is big. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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