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[QUOTE]Originally posted by xyyman: [QB] You may find this interesting. But I knew it. "Pay me a dollar $ 9". As I said white skin came from Africa. And to irate by brothas. It may be "ancestral". -- A Complex, Polygenic Architecture for Lightened Skin Pigmentation in the Southern African KhoeSan ALICIA R. MARTIN1,2,3, April 21, 2017 , Studio 7 Add to calendar While >200 genes have been associated with pigmentation in animal models, fewer than [b]15 have been directly associated with skin pigmentation in humans[/b]. This has led to its characterization as a relatively simple quantitative trait. We show that [b]skin color is more variable in[/b] admixed and [b]equatorial populations[/b] by comparing phenotypes from ~5000 individuals in >30 populations, providing evidence of [b]increased polygenicity closer to the equator[/b].[b] ***Strikingly***, no quantitative gene discovery efforts for pigmentation have yet been published in continental Africa, despite skin pigmentation varying more there than any other continent[/b]. Light skin pigmentation is observed in the southern latitudes of Africa among KhoeSan hunter-gatherers of the Kalahari Desert. The KhoeSan are unique in their early divergence from other populations, dating back at least ~100,000 years. We demonstrate that skin pigmentation is highly heritable (h2>0.85), with similar estimates from pedigrees identified via ethnographic interviews, [b]unrelated population-based samples, and haplotype sharing[/b]. Further, genes previously associated with skin pigmentation, rapidly evolving genes, and pigmentation genes discovered in animal models explain significantly more heritability than random genes. We show that some canonical pigmentation loci, [b]including SLC24A5, are polymorphic in the KhoeSan and at higher frequency than explained by recent European admixture alone[/b]. We identify novel skin pigmentation loci, including near SMARCA2 and TYRP1, using a genome-wide association approach complemented by targeted resequencing in >440 individuals. Our results suggest that pigmentation loci can evolve rapidly in response to latitude and highlight the utility of studying geographically and genetically diverged populations for understanding human adaptation. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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