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peer review demolishes Winters M-173
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [qb] The Mal'ta boy didn't fell from the sky, onto Siberia near Lake Baikal? [/qb][/QUOTE]The Mal'ta boy was Khoisan. His ancestors were the first anatomically modern humans. [list] [*][QUOTE] “The genetic profile of the Paleoamericans, fails to correspond to that of contemporary Native Americans in the United States. Interestingly, the North American Paleoamerican DNA profile matches minor haplogroups predominately found in South America (Balter, 2015). Much of the DNA for Luzia the 12,000 year old skeleton from Brazil is corrupted, but researchers have recovered aDNA from Naia (Chatters et al., 2014) of Mexico, and the Anzick boy (Balter, 2015; Estes, 2015). The Anzick boy skeleton was found in Montana. This Paleoamerican belonged to the Clovis Culture, the same as Kennewick Man (Chatters, 1999; Chatters et al., 2014).[b] The Anzick boy belonged to mtDNA M or D1, and y-chromosome R1 (Estes, 2015[/b]). Scientists have also recovered the DNA fromNaia (Chatters et al., 2014; Kumar, 2014). [b]Naia belonged to haplogroup D1, which is a descendant of the M haplogroup (Chatters et al., 2014). [/b] Researchers have also recovered the aDNA of the ancient Europeans (Balter, 2015). The TMRCA of the paleoamericans were the Khoisan people. The Khoisan was the Cro-Magnon people of Europe (Winters, 2008, 2011).[b] They were the first amh to enter western Eurasia (Winters, 2011). The Khoisan introduced haplogroup M to western Eurasia (Winters, 2011, 2014).[/b] The first Europeans like the paleoamericans were dark skinned (Winters, 2014). The aDNA of the first Europeans comes from the Ust’Ishim skeleton from Siberia (Blater, 2015). Ust’Ishim man carried the male lineage R1 (Balter, 2015; Immanuel, 2014a, 2014b).[b] The mtDNA of Ust’Ishim belonged to haplogroup U (Balter, 2015). The R1 haplogroup was also carried by the Mal’ta boy in Western Eurasia (Blater, 2015; Immanuel, 2014a, 2014b). The Mal’ta boy also belonged to mtDNA haplogroup U (Balter, 2015; Immanuel, 2014a, 2014b). The U haplogroup was part of the M macrohaplogroup.[/b] The Khoisan carry haplogroupsL3(M, N). Prior to the Khoisan crossing the Straits of Gibraltar to reach Iberia, they probably stopped in West Africa (Winters, 2014). The basal L3(M) motif in West Africa is characterized by the Ddel site np 10,394 and Alul site np 10,397 which is associated with AF-24, a haplotype of haplogroup LOd (Winters, 2010). Granted L3 and L2 are not as old as LOd, but Gonder et al., (2006), provides an early date for, L3(M, N) 94.3kya. The South African Khoisan (SAK) carry L1c, L1, L2, L3 M, N dates to 142.3 kya; the Hadza are L2a, L2, L3, M, N, dates to 96.7 kya (Gonder et al., 2006). The origin dates for L1, L2, L3(M, N) make the haplogroups old enough for the Khoisan to have taken haplogroup M to West Africa, where we find L3, L2 and LOd and thence to Iberia (Winters, 2011). It is interesting to note that LO haplogroups are primarily found among Khoisan and West Africans (Winters, 2011). This shows that at some point in prehistory the Khoisan had migrated into West Africa. The major M haplogroup in Africa is M1(Winters, 2010).[b] The M1 macrohaplogroup is found throughout Africa and Asia. But the basal M1 lineage has not been found outside Africa (Sun et al., 2006). However, on the basis of currently available FGS sequences, M1 markers have been found in the D4a branch of Haplogroup D, the most widespread branch of M1 in East Asia (Fucharoen et al., 2001; Yao et al., 2002). These transitions are recurrent in M1 and D4 (Gondor et al., 2006; Winters, 2010)[/b].” See: http://www.cibtech.org/J-Microbiology/PUBLICATIONS/2015/Vol-4-No-1/03-CJM-004-CLYDE-AFRICAN-DNA.pdf [/QUOTE] [/list] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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