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The 3 streams of thought within the Black Genetics paradigm
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Njii: [b]Archeogeneticists:[/b] Due to the diversity of the RV88 branch of R in Central Africa and the historical migration patterns of African people into Europe that is seen in the archeological record, it is safe to assume that R originated in Africa and was spread to Europe. [/QUOTE]No peer reviewed scientific article says that R originated in Africa. Archeogeneticists have analyzerd 24,000 year old human remains carrying R found in Siberia ( the Mal'ta boy) RV88 ( R1b1c ) as well as R1b and R2 are subclades of R which came later. They are variant mutations, splits from of the R* parent ancestor RV88 originates in the Cameroon and part of Chad region and is dated 9200–5600 years old. So what you are saying is 100% wrong Archeogeneticists and Eurcentrists both believe haplogroup R originates in Eurasia there is no term for a "black genetics paradigm" [/qb][/QUOTE]That for some reason would bring problems, however, the conflicting part. [QUOTE] ‘‘Out of Africa’’ haplogroups. All Y-clades that are not exclusively African belong to the macro-haplogroup CT, which is defined by mutations M168, M294 and P9.1 [14,31] and is subdivided into two major clades, DE and CF [1,14]. In a recent study [16], sequencing of two chromosomes belonging to haplogroups C and R, led to the identification of 25 new mutations, eleven of which were in the C-chromosome and seven in the R-chromosome. [b]Here, the seven mutations which were found to be shared by chromosomes of haplogroups C and R [16], were also found to be present in one DE sample (sample 33 in Table S1), and positioned at the root of macro-haplogroup CT (Figure 1 and Figure S1)[/b] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3492319/figure/pone-0049170-g001/ Figure S1 Structure of the macro-haplogroup CT. For details on mutations see legend to Figure 1. Dashed lines indicate putative branchings (no positive control available). The position of V248 (haplogroup C2) and V87 (haplogroup C3) compared to mutations that define internal branches was not determined. Note that mutations V45, V69 and V88 have been previously mapped (Cruciani et al. 2010; Eur J Hum Genet 18∶800–807). (TIF) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3492319/bin/pone.0049170.s001.tif [/QUOTE]--Fulvio Cruciani et al. Molecular Dissection of the Basal Clades in the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree (2011) [QUOTE]This branching pattern, along with the geographical distribution of the major clades A, B, and CT, has been interpreted as supporting an African origin for anatomically modern humans,10 with Khoisan from south Africa and Ethiopians from east Africa sharing the deepest lineages of the phylogeny.15 and 16 [...] [IMG]http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0002929711001649-gr1.jpg[/IMG] [b]The deepest branching separates A1b from a monophyletic clade whose members (A1a, A2, A3, B, C, and R) all share seven mutually reinforcing derived mutations (five transitions and two transversions, all at non-CpG sites).[/b] [...] [IMG]http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0002929711001649-gr2.jpg[/IMG] How does the present MSY tree compare with the backbone of the recently published “reference” MSY phylogeny?13 The phylogenetic relationships we observed among chromosomes belonging to haplogroups B, C, and [b]R[/b] are reminiscent of those reported in the tree by Karafet et al.13 [b]These chromosomes belong to a clade (haplogroup BT) in which chromosomes C and R share a common ancestor (Figure 2)[/b].[/QUOTE]--Fulvio Cruciani et al A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa (2011) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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