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The 3 streams of thought within the Black Genetics paradigm
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [qb] [QUOTE] The Y chromosome Alu polymorphism (YAP, also called M1) defines the deep-rooted haplogroup D/E of the global Y-chromosome phylogeny [1]. This D/E haplogroup is further branched into three sub-haplogroups DE*, D and E (Figure 1). The distribution of the D/E haplogroup is highly regional, and the three subgroups are geographically restricted to certain areas, therefore informative in tracing human prehistory (Table [b]1). The sub-haplogroup DE*, presumably the most ancient lineage of the D/E haplogroup was only found in Africans from Nigeria [2], supporting the "Out of Africa" hypothesis about modern human origin.[/b] The sub-haplogroup E (E-M40), defined by M40/SRY4064 and M96, was also suggested originated in Africa [3-6], and later dispersed to Middle East and Europe about 20,000 years ago [3,4]. Interestingly, the sub-haplogroup D defined by M174 (D-M174) is East Asian specific with abundant appearance in Tibetan and Japanese (30–40%), but rare in most of other East Asian populations and populations from regions bordering East Asia (Central Asia, North Asia and Middle East) (usually less than 5%) [5-7]. Under D-M174, Japanese belongs to a separate sub-lineage defined by several mutations (e.g. M55, M57 and M64 etc.), which is different from those in Tibetans implicating relatively deep divergence between them [1]. The fragmented distribution of D-M174 in East Asia seems not consistent with the pattern of other East Asian specific lineages, i.e. O3-M122, O1-M119 and O2-M95 under haplogroup O [8,9].[/QUOTE]--Hong Shi et al. 2008: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/6/45 [QUOTE] Further refinement awaits the finding of new markers especially within paragroup E3a*-M2. [b]The microsatellite profile of the DE* individual is one mutational step away from the allelic state described for Nigerians [/b](DYS390*21, DYS388 not tested; [37], therefore suggesting a common ancestry but not elucidating the phylogenetics. [/QUOTE]Haplogroup DE* in Guinea-Bissau: Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/124 [QUOTE] There has been considerable debate on the geographic origin of the human Y chromosome Alu polymorphism (YAP). Here we report a new, very rare deep-rooting haplogroup within the YAP clade, together with data on other deep-rooting YAP clades. [b]The new haplogroup, found so far in only five Nigerians, is the least-derived YAP haplogroup according to currently known binary markers. [/b]However, because the interior branching order of the Y chromosome genealogical tree remains unknown, it is impossible to impute the origin of the YAP clade with certainty. We discuss the problems presented by rare deep-rooting lineages for Y chromosome phylogeography.[/QUOTE]Haplogroup DE* in Nigerians: Rare Deep-Rooting Y Chromosome Lineages in Humans: Lessons for Phylogeography http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1462739/pdf/14504230.pdf [QUOTE]‘‘Out of Africa’’ haplogroups. All Y-clades that are not exclusively African belong to the macro-haplogroup [b]CT, which is defined by mutations M168, M294 and P9.1 [14,31] and is subdivided into two major clades, DE [/b]and [i]CF [1,14].[/i] In a recent study [16], sequencing of two chromosomes belonging to haplogroups C and R, led to the identification of 25 new mutations, eleven of which were in the C-chromosome and seven in the R-chromosome. [b]Here, the seven mutations which were found to be shared by chromosomes of haplogroups C and R [16], were also found to be present in one DE sample (sample 33 in Table S1), and positioned at the root of macro-haplogroup CT (Figure 1 and Figure S1)[/b] [/QUOTE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3492319/figure/pone-0049170-g001/ [/qb][/QUOTE][QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] LOL, Again, the phylogeny does not prove Haplogroup R originated in Africa remember, quality of argument over quantity [/qb][/QUOTE][IMG]http://www.sympato.ch/smileys/Non2.gif[/IMG] The quality was highlighted in the quantity. The [b]>>>Molecular Dissection of the Basal Clades<<<[/b] have proven you wrong. lol [b]" seven mutations which were found to be shared by chromosomes of haplogroups C and R [16], were also found to be present in one DE sample "[/b] chromosomes of haplogroups C and R [16], were also found to be present in one DE sample I understand all this [b]DE[/b] found in Africa is overwhelming for you. All you can do now is repeat your same delusional racist opt. But that argument doesn't boil now, it is completely meaningless here. It just shows that you are a retarded racist. This is a common denominator you have with other racists. [IMG]http://www.sympato.ch/smileys/LOL.gif[/IMG] Remember you're a fake, a racist a black woman impostor. [/qb][/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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