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Although it doesn't appear to be a continent wide planned unification, it is apparent Bantu speakers were expanding throughout the continent for reasons so far unknown.
b]Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America[/b]
History of Bantu speakers
Africans are underrepresented in many surveys of genetic diversity, which hinders our ability to study human evolution and the health of modern populations. Patin et al. examined the genetic diversity of Bantu speakers, who account for one-third of sub-Saharan Africans. They then modeled the timing of migration and admixture during the Bantu expansion. The analysis revealed adaptive introgression of genes that likely originated in other African populations, including specific immune-related genes. Applying this information to African Americans suggests that gene flow from Africa into the Americas was more complex than previously thought.
One debated question concerns the routes followed by Bantu speakers during their dispersal across sub-Saharan Africa, owing to the poor population coverage in the Bantu heartland (i.e., the Nigeria/Cameroon frontier) or the limited genetic resolution of previous studies (2–5). Furthermore, documentation of how Bantu speakers adapted to the new environments they encountered—from the grasslands of Cameroon to the African rainforest, the East African plateau, and the Kalahari desert—is unknown. Their rapid adaptation may have been facilitated by the acquisition, via admixture, of adaptive alleles from local populations; the impact of this process on recent human evolution remains largely unexplored (7, 8). Finally, large-scale movements of Bantu peoples have not been limited to Africa, as historical records indicate that people from western central Africa were massively deported to North America during the transatlantic slave trade.
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There were not that many Bantu taken to North America except for the French. The vast Majaority of slaves that came to America came from the Senegambian region and Guinea coast.
the lioness, Member # 17353
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Some researchers say AAs are primarily of non-Bantu Niger-Kordofanian speaker ancestry but with some significant bantu mixture as well.
Narmerthoth Member # 20259
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I'm in the midst of an operating system upgrade so was not able to post the migration or genetic charts from the study. Lionese, help me out. I'll be back after tonight's fights are through.
Clyde Winters Member # 10129
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Some researchers say AAs are primarily of non-Bantu Niger-Kordofanian speaker ancestry but with some significant bantu mixture as well.
They are basing this on the trade in slaves to Mexico and South America.
The slave trade shifted from North to South. Most North American slaves came from the Senegambian region because of the early date for slavery in the Americas.
It is for this reason that most of the African words in Ebonics are of Wolof and Mande origin, instead of Bantu. For example, most of the words in the Gullah language are Fula and Mande. Other African words from the Senegambia are found in Afro-American slang for example Honkey (white man), that comes from the Wolof word Honkei 'man riding a horse'. This probably came from the fact that many white plantation owners and Slave Drivers often managed the slaves while riding a horse.
DD'eDeN Member # 21966
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Dr. Winters, since the domestic ass is from Africa, would you say donkey shares a root with honkey, horse-related? In Java & Micronesia, a certain dong palm tree is used for dug-out canoes (in China:a junk), might be related to the duom palm of the RedSea coasts which is used to make dome huts and maybe what Strabo meant about NEAfrican tribe that slept in tortoise shells and used them as boats. If so, donkey, honkey, dong and duom might link to sailing dhow (Arab boat) and prow/proa(Malay canoe).
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