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Abstract The split of our own clade from the Panini is undocumented in the fossil record. To fill this gap we investigated the dentognathic morphology of Graecopithecus freybergi from Pyrgos Vassilissis (Greece) and cf. Graecopithecus sp. from Azmaka (Bulgaria), using new μCT and 3D reconstructions of the two known specimens. Pyrgos Vassilissis and Azmaka are currently dated to the early Messinian at 7.175 Ma and 7.24 Ma. Mainly based on its external preservation and the previously vague dating, Graecopithecus is often referred to as nomen dubium. The examination of its previously unknown dental root and pulp canal morphology confirms the taxonomic distinction from the significantly older northern Greek hominine Ouranopithecus. Furthermore, it shows features that point to a possible phylogenetic affinity with hominins. G. freybergi uniquely shares p4 partial root fusion and a possible canine root reduction with this tribe and therefore, provides intriguing evidence of what could be the oldest known hominin.
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In this study, we propose based on root morphology a new possible candidate for the hominin clade, Graecopithecus freybergi from Europe. Graecopithecus is known from a single mandible from Pyrgos Vassilissis Amalia (Athens, Greece) [38] and possibly from an isolated upper fourth premolar (P4) from Azmaka in Bulgaria [39] (Fig 1A and 1B). A new age model for the localities Pyrgos Vassilissis and Azmaka, as well as the investigations on the fauna of these localities [40] confirms that European hominids thrived in the early Messinian (Late Miocene, 7.25–6 Ma) and therefore existed in Europe ~ 1.5 Ma later than previously thought [39]. This, and recent discoveries from Çorakyerler (Turkey), and Maragheh (Iran) demonstrate the persistence of Miocene hominids into the Turolian (~8 Ma) in Europe, the eastern Mediterranean, and Western Asia [41, 42].
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What does that have to do with the first modern Human being African and all other humans being a sub-set of modern Africans. If true these are not humans at >300,000ya?
DD'eDeN Member # 21966
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Just showing the latest news.
Oreopithecus (Sardinia), Sahelanthropus (Chad), Graecopithecus (Thrace-Greece) were all upright bipedal Miocene apes older than Australopithecus(Lucy) but having some human-like traits, probably living in forests, sleeping in woven bowl nests, with African fauna in the mileu. All or none might be ancestral to AMHs. I noted that during the MSC (dried out Medit.) the Black Sea was a freshwater oasis, I think Lake Chad was too.
300,000 yrs ago? When Homo became sapient and verbal, on the floor of the tropical Rainforest belt in woven dome hut round-shields, but gradually differentiating per local climate.
DD'eDeN Member # 21966
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Moon & Menstruation-ovulation cycle 29.53 days AMHs female
Gibbons, orangutans & humans = upright bipeds, all menstruatrate on moon cycle 29 days. (Graecopithecus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus included; Oreopithecus & Sahelanthropus also likely.
Chimps, gorillas (knuckle-walk) and monkeys(palm-walk) = ground-readapted quadrupeds, do not menstruate on moon cycle eg. 10, 18, 23 days.
Graecopithecus has fused-root canine teeth, this is typical in all Homo species, Ardipithecus & Australopithecus, and not typical in chimp or gorilla.
DD'eDeN Member # 21966
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"While great apes typically have two or three separate and diverging roots, the roots of Graecopithecus converge and are partially fused — a feature that is characteristic of modern humans, early humans and several pre-humans including Ardipithecus and Australopithecus,"
Note: "great apes (today) *typically* have 2 or 3 roots". Do any apes have partially fused roots? Is it a variable epigenetic morphological function of diet? Is it variable among geographically disparate human populations? Is it found in Sahelanthropus or Oreopithecus, (both upright bipedalist)?
" geological evidence to support a climate similar to present-day Africa. Giraffes, antelopes and even rhinoceros lived in that region for some time."
Short-necked giraffes (Okapi)?
"there's another significant finding: that human split occurred in the eastern Mediterranean and not Africa, as it is believed."
Unless chimp, gorilla or orangutan fossils are found there, the split could have happened in Africa, with only hominid ancestors moving east to Greece & Thrace.
" Changing conditions may have forced the animals and pre-humans toward the equator, to Africa."
The teeth date between the Tortonian & Messinian crises, partial drying up of the Mediterranean, while the Black Sea was the central EurAsian oasis during the droughts and ice ages, until the post-glacial Eden-Atlantis marine incursion 7.7ka which was the impetus for outward emigration: PIE north, Sumer south, Semitic east Qazharite/Qshrut then south Horite, etc.
me (DDeden aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves change)
The ape from Atlantis/Adan-eDeN
Moon & Menstruation-ovulation cycle 29.53 days AMHs female
Gibbons, orangutans & humans = upright bipeds, all menstruatrate on moon cycle 29 days. (Graecopithecus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus included; Oreopithecus & Sahelanthropus also likely.
Chimps, gorillas (knuckle-walk) and monkeys(palm-walk) = ground-readapted quadrupeds, do not menstruate on moon cycle eg. 10, 18, 23 days.
Graecopithecus has fused-root canine teeth, this is typical in all Homo species, Ardipithecus & Australopithecus, and not typical in chimp or ago)
Tooth truth: Human teeth tell the story of humanity through our fragile relationship with the sun Date:May 18, 2017 Source:McMaster University Summary:Researchers have developed a new method to read imperfections in teeth caused by a lack of sunlight, creating a powerful tool to trace events ranging from human evolution and migration out of Africa to the silent damage of vitamin D deficiency that continues to affect 1 billion worldwide
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