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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] Tukuler doesn't understand Clydian Falsification method. A theory is true until somebody proves it false. [/qb][/QUOTE]This is not Clydian method, it is called Falsification. Evidence is not equivocal. Evidence is the matter that both validates and invalidates a theory. In science, proof does not exist. Proof only exist in a court of law, where a Judge determines what is or what is not proof. Research is the foundation of good science, or knowing in general. There are four methods of 1) Method of tenacity (one holds firmly to the truth, because "they know it" to be true); 2) method of authority (the method of established belief, i.e., the Bible or the "experts" says it, it is so); 3) method of intuition (the method where a proposition agrees with reason, but not necessarily with experience); and 4) the method of science (the method of attaining knowledge which calls for self-correction). To explain Africans in ancient America, I use the scientific method which calls for hypothesis testing, not only supported by experimentation, but also that of alternative plausible hypotheses that, may place doubt on the original hypothesis. The aim of science is theory construction (F.N. Kirlinger, Foundations of behavior research, (1986) pp.6-10; R. Braithwaite, Scientific explanation, (1955) pp.1-10). A theory is a set of interrelated constructs, propositions and definitions, that provide a systematic understanding of phenomena by outlining relations among a group of variables that explain and predict phenomena. Scientific inquiry involves issues of theory construction, control and experimentation. Scientific knowledge must rest on testing, rather than mere induction which can be defined as inferences of laws and generalizations, derived from observation. Karl Popper in The Logic of Scientific Discovery, rejects this form of logical validity based solely on inference and conjecture (pp. 33-65). Popper maintains that confirmation in science, is arrived at through falsification. Therefore to confirm a theory in science one test the theory through rigorous attempts at falsification. In falsification the researcher uses cultural, linguistic, anthropological and historical evidence to invalidate a proposed theory. If a theory can not be falsified through the variables (evidenc) associated with the theory it is confirmed. It can only be disconfirmed when new generalizations (based on evidence) associated with the original theory fail to survive attempts at falsification. In science you either confirm, or disconfirm a theory. A valid theory has abundant evidence supporting that theory, and remains valid as long as it is not disconfirmed by a researcher who provides counter evidence, that nullifies the evidence which supported the original theory. In short, science centers on conjecture and refutations. One makes a theory and provides evidence to support the theory. The more evidence you present in support of a theory confirms the validity of your hypothesis. If, another researcher presents more evidence that falsifies the theory, the theory must be rejected. Thusly evidence is not equivocal. Evidence will determine both the validity and lack of validity for a theory. I have presented abundant evidence supporting my theory. The only thing Tukuler has is the picture of a dictionary page showing the various ways to interpret Kas, kash and khas-. It is obvious the same sign is a homophone and can have multiple meanings. [IMG]https://s30.postimg.org/t32t8ro7l/tmp_3173-_Winters_khast-299420584.jpg[/IMG] . It is obvious the same sign is a homophone and can have multiple meanings. Moreover the term Heqa Khasut, referred to the Kushite rulers during the 5th Dynasty, and the rulers of the area around Avaris and Sharuhen during the Second Intermediate Period. The HHyksos called themselves Heqa Khasut, the non Hyksos Egyptians called the Hyksos "Aamu". As a result my interpretation of the Hyksos term: [b]Khas[/b] as Kush, is the correct reading. This is obvious when you read the Hyksos scarabs. . [IMG]http://olmec98.net/HyksosScarabs.png[/IMG] . As you can see the Hyksos scarabs do not have any of the lexical items associated with the Egyptian words for foreigner. Jack be nimble Jack be quick Stop trying to be slick. . [IMG]http://68.media.tumblr.com/e9d0bc81057f3aa78dfbfdaec8781d4c/tumblr_o0j5nxOWcR1rbzjl3o1_500.jpg[/IMG] . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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